diff --git a/src/spanner/adapter.ts b/src/spanner/adapter.ts
index 16910d6..acb2c30 100644
--- a/src/spanner/adapter.ts
+++ b/src/spanner/adapter.ts
@@ -190,6 +190,8 @@ function cleanParamsForSpanner(
   if (!params) return undefined;
   
   const cleaned: Record<string, any> = {};
+  let hasKeys = false;
+  
   for (const key in params) {
     if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(params, key)) {
       const hint = typeHints?.[key];
@@ -199,9 +201,12 @@ function cleanParamsForSpanner(
       } else {
         cleaned[key] = params[key];
       }
+      hasKeys = true;
     }
   }
-  return cleaned;
+  
+  // Return undefined if params is empty to avoid sending empty object to Spanner
+  return hasKeys ? cleaned : undefined;
 }
 
 // Helper function to automatically infer Spanner types from JavaScript values
@@ -488,9 +493,13 @@ export class SpannerAdapter implements DatabaseAdapter {
           try {
             const updateOptions: any = {
               sql,
-              params: cleanedParams,
             };
             
+            // Only add params if they exist
+            if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+              updateOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+            }
+            
             // Add types if provided
             if (types) {
               updateOptions.types = types;
@@ -587,10 +596,14 @@ export class SpannerAdapter implements DatabaseAdapter {
 
       const queryOptions: any = {
         sql,
-        params: cleanedParams,
         json: true,
       };
       
+      // Only add params if they exist
+      if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+        queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+      }
+      
       // Add types if provided
       if (types) {
         queryOptions.types = types;
@@ -674,10 +687,14 @@ export class SpannerAdapter implements DatabaseAdapter {
           try {
             const queryOptions: any = {
               sql,
-              params: cleanedParams,
               json: true,
             };
             
+            // Only add params if they exist
+            if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+              queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+            }
+            
             // Add types if provided
             if (types) {
               queryOptions.types = types;
@@ -753,9 +770,13 @@ export class SpannerAdapter implements DatabaseAdapter {
 
           const updateOptions: any = {
             sql: sqlCmd,
-            params: cleanedParams,
           };
           
+          // Only add params if they exist
+          if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+            updateOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+          }
+          
           // Add types if provided
           if (types) {
             updateOptions.types = types;
@@ -789,10 +810,14 @@ export class SpannerAdapter implements DatabaseAdapter {
 
           const queryOptions: any = {
             sql: sqlQuery,
-            params: cleanedParams,
             json: true,
           };
           
+          // Only add params if they exist
+          if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+            queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+          }
+          
           // Add types if provided
           if (types) {
             queryOptions.types = types;
@@ -852,9 +877,13 @@ export class SpannerAdapter implements DatabaseAdapter {
 
               const updateOptions: any = {
                 sql: cmdSql,
-                params: cleanedParams,
               };
               
+              // Only add params if they exist
+              if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+                updateOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+              }
+              
               // Add types if provided
               if (types) {
                 updateOptions.types = types;
@@ -885,10 +914,14 @@ export class SpannerAdapter implements DatabaseAdapter {
 
               const queryOptions: any = {
                 sql: querySql,
-                params: cleanedParams,
                 json: true,
               };
               
+              // Only add params if they exist
+              if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+                queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+              }
+              
               // Add types if provided
               if (types) {
                 queryOptions.types = types;
diff --git a/test/spanner/adapter-type-hints.test.ts b/test/spanner/adapter-type-hints.test.ts
index 4827786..1a4e004 100644
--- a/test/spanner/adapter-type-hints.test.ts
+++ b/test/spanner/adapter-type-hints.test.ts
@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
     if (!params) return undefined;
     
     const cleaned: Record<string, any> = {};
+    let hasKeys = false;
+    
     for (const key in params) {
       if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(params, key)) {
         const hint = typeHints?.[key];
@@ -121,9 +123,12 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
         } else {
           cleaned[key] = params[key];
         }
+        hasKeys = true;
       }
     }
-    return cleaned;
+    
+    // Return undefined if params is empty to avoid sending empty object to Spanner
+    return hasKeys ? cleaned : undefined;
   }
 
   // Helper function to automatically infer Spanner types from JavaScript values
@@ -213,10 +218,14 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
     
     const queryOptions: any = {
       sql,
-      params: cleanedParams,
       json: true,
     };
     
+    // Only add params if they exist
+    if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+      queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+    }
+    
     // Add types if provided or inferred
     if (mergedHints) {
       queryOptions.types = mergedHints;
@@ -244,9 +253,13 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
       async (transaction: any) => {
         const updateOptions: any = {
           sql,
-          params: cleanedParams,
         };
         
+        // Only add params if they exist
+        if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+          updateOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+        }
+        
         // Add types if provided or inferred
         if (mergedHints) {
           updateOptions.types = mergedHints;
@@ -278,10 +291,14 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
       async (transaction: any) => {
         const queryOptions: any = {
           sql,
-          params: cleanedParams,
           json: true,
         };
         
+        // Only add params if they exist
+        if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+          queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+        }
+        
         // Add types if provided or inferred
         if (mergedHints) {
           queryOptions.types = mergedHints;
@@ -311,9 +328,13 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
         const cleanedParams = this.cleanParamsForSpanner(paramsCmd, mergedHints);
         const updateOptions: any = {
           sql: sqlCmd,
-          params: cleanedParams,
         };
         
+        // Only add params if they exist
+        if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+          updateOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+        }
+        
         if (mergedHints) {
           updateOptions.types = mergedHints;
           updateOptions.paramTypes = mergedHints;
@@ -331,10 +352,14 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
         const cleanedParams = this.cleanParamsForSpanner(paramsQuery, mergedHints);
         const queryOptions: any = {
           sql: sqlQuery,
-          params: cleanedParams,
           json: true,
         };
         
+        // Only add params if they exist
+        if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+          queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+        }
+        
         if (mergedHints) {
           queryOptions.types = mergedHints;
           queryOptions.paramTypes = mergedHints;
@@ -368,9 +393,13 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
             const cleanedParams = this.cleanParamsForSpanner(cmdParams, mergedHints);
             const updateOptions: any = {
               sql: cmdSql,
-              params: cleanedParams,
             };
             
+            // Only add params if they exist
+            if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+              updateOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+            }
+            
             if (mergedHints) {
               updateOptions.types = mergedHints;
               updateOptions.paramTypes = mergedHints;
@@ -388,10 +417,14 @@ class TestableSpannerAdapter {
             const cleanedParams = this.cleanParamsForSpanner(queryParams, mergedHints);
             const queryOptions: any = {
               sql: querySql,
-              params: cleanedParams,
               json: true,
             };
             
+            // Only add params if they exist
+            if (cleanedParams !== undefined) {
+              queryOptions.params = cleanedParams;
+            }
+            
             if (mergedHints) {
               queryOptions.types = mergedHints;
               queryOptions.paramTypes = mergedHints;