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ACO.md

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Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)

A History of ACO

Inspired by coordinated interations of ants ("allelomimesis"). The ACO was published for the first time in the Artificial Life conference called ECAL (now as ALife).

Reference

  • https://antoptima.com/
  • https://ants2026.org/
  • López-Ibáñez, M., Stützle, T. and Dorigo, M., 2025. Ant colony optimization: A component-wise overview. In Handbook of Heuristics (pp. 1-39). Springer.
  • Benbaki, R., Benomar, Z. and Doerr, B., 2021, June. A rigorous runtime analysis of the 2-MMASib on jump functions: Ant colony optimizers can cope well with local optima. In Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (pp. 4-13). ACM.
  • https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7376583
  • Blum, C. and Dorigo, M., 2005. Search bias in ant colony optimization: On the role of competition-balanced systems. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 9(2), pp.159-174.
  • Dorigo, M., Bonabeau, E. and Theraulaz, G., 2000. Ant algorithms and stigmergy. Future Generation Computer Systems, 16(8), pp.851-871.
  • Papadimitriou, C.H. and Steiglitz, K., 1998. Combinatorial optimization: Algorithms and complexity. Dover Publications.
  • Di Caro, G. and Dorigo, M., 1998. AntNet: Distributed stigmergetic control for communications networks. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 9, pp.317-365.
  • Dorigo, M., Maniezzo, V. and Colorni, A., 1996. Ant system: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), 26(1), pp.29-41.
  • Gambardella, L.M. and Dorigo, M., 1995. Ant-Q: A reinforcement learning approach to the traveling salesman problem. In Machine learning (pp. 252-260). Morgan Kaufmann.
  • Colorni, A., Dorigo, M. and Maniezzo, V., 1992. An investigation of some properties of an "ant algorithm". In PPSN (pp. ).
  • Dorigo, M., Colorni, A. and Maniezzo, V., 1991. Distributed optimization by ant colonies. In Proceedings of European Conference on Artificial Life (pp. 134-142).
  • Lin, S. and Kernighan, B.W., 1973. An effective heuristic algorithm for the traveling-salesman problem. Operations Research, 21(2), pp.498-516.

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