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Math & Date Utilities in TechLang

TechLang ships a collection of stack-friendly commands for scientific math, numeric formatting, and basic date/time handling. All commands emit their result through InterpreterState.add_output, so they can be composed with other language features.

Randomness & Constants

math_random 1 6        # integer in [1,6]
math_pi                # prints π as a float
math_e                 # prints Euler's constant

math_random accepts either literal numbers or numeric variables. If the lower bound is greater than the upper bound the arguments are swapped automatically.

Trigonometry (Degrees In, Floats Out)

The trigonometric helpers expect degree input and return floats. Inverse functions emit degrees to keep composition intuitive.

math_sin 90            # 1.0
math_cos 0             # 1.0
math_tan 45            # 0.9999999999999999
math_asin 1            # 90.0
math_acos 0            # 90.0
math_atan 1            # 45.0
math_deg2rad 180       # 3.141592653589793
math_rad2deg 1.5708    # 89.999... (degrees)

All arguments can come from numeric variables. Domain checks guard math_asin and math_acos; values outside [-1, 1] emit descriptive errors that match the wording in tests/test_math_ops.py.

Roots, Powers, and Rounding

math_sqrt 144          # 12 (integer square root)
math_pow 2 10          # 1024
math_round 3.55        # 4
math_floor 3.55        # 3
math_ceil 3.01         # 4

math_sqrt mirrors the interpreter's integer-first design by using floor square roots. For fractional support prefer math_pow with exponent 0.5.

Date & Time Helpers

now                    # 2025-10-23T12:34:56.789123+00:00 (UTC ISO8601)
format_date 1700000000 "%Y-%m-%d"   # 2023-11-14
  • now captures the current UTC time using datetime.now(timezone.utc) and always returns an ISO 8601 string with offset.
  • format_date <seconds> interprets the argument as Unix seconds (can be float) and formats it in UTC. Supply an optional quoted strftime pattern; invalid timestamps and formats emit [Error: ...] messages consumed by tests.

Error Handling

  • Invalid domains (e.g. math_asin 2) call state.add_error("math_asin domain is [-1, 1]") so tests can assert the exact copy.
  • Missing arguments (e.g. math_round) yield specific requires errors mirroring other math commands.
  • format_date returns timestamp out of range or Invalid format string depending on the failure source.

See tests/test_math_ops.py for ready-made assertions and examples/data_types_demo.tl for integration patterns.