elements_of_style_-Strunk-/rule_16.dita at master · DITAWriter/elements_of_style_-Strunk- · GitHub

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE concept PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Concept//EN" "concept.dtd">
<concept id="concept_cfx_gt4_z2b">
    <title>Rule 16</title>
    <shortdesc>Keep related words together.</shortdesc>
    <conbody>
        <p>The position of the words in a sentence is the principal means of showing their
            relationship. The writer must therefore, so far as possible, bring together the words,
            and groups of words, that are related in thought, and keep apart those which are not so
            related.</p>
        <p>The subject of a sentence and the principal verb should not, as a rule, be separated by a
            phrase or clause that can be transferred to the beginning.</p>
        <table outputclass="example" id="table_j41_fk3_z2b">
            <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="col1"/>
                <colspec colname="col2"/>
                <tbody>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first"
                            >Wordsworth, in the fifth book of <cite>The Excursion</cite>, gives a
                            minute description of this church.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">In the
                            fifth book of <cite>The Excursion</cite>, Wordsworth gives a minute
                            description of this church.</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">Cast
                            iron, when treated in a Bessemer converter, is changed into
                            steel.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">By
                            treatment in a Bessemer converter, cast iron is changed into
                            steel.</entry>
                    </row>
                </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </table>
        <p>The objection is that the interposed phrase or clause needlessly interrupts the natural
            order of the main clause. Usually, however, this objection does not hold when the order
            is interrupted only by a relative clause or by an expression in apposition. Nor does it
            hold in periodic sentences in which the interruption is a deliberately used means of
            creating suspense (see examples under <xref keyref="rule_18">Rule 18</xref>).</p>
        <p>The relative pronoun should come, as a rule, immediately after its antecedent.</p>
        <table outputclass="example" id="table_k41_fk3_z2b">
            <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="col1"/>
                <colspec colname="col2"/>
                <tbody>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">There
                            was a look in his eye that boded mischief.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">In his
                            eye was a look that boded mischief.</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">He
                            wrote three articles about his adventures in Spain, which were published
                            in <cite>Harper's Magazine</cite>.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">He
                            published in <cite>Harper's Magazine</cite> three articles about his
                            adventures in Spain.</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">This is
                            a portrait of Benjamin Harrison, grandson of William Henry Harrison, who
                            became President in 1889.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">This
                            is a portrait of Benjamin Harrison, grandson of William Henry Harrison.
                            He became President in 1889.</entry>
                    </row>
                </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </table>
        <p>If the antecedent consists of a group of words, the relative comes at the end of the
            group, unless this would cause ambiguity.</p>
        <p>The Superintendent of the Chicago Division, who</p>
        <table outputclass="example" id="table_l41_fk3_z2b">
            <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="col1"/>
                <colspec colname="col2"/>
                <tbody>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">A
                            proposal to amend the Sherman Act, which has been variously
                            judged.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">A
                            proposal, which has been variously judged, to amend the Sherman
                            Act.</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first"
                            > </entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">A
                            proposal to amend the much-debated Sherman Act.</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">The
                            grandson of William Henry Harrison, who</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second"
                            >William Henry Harrison's grandson, who</entry>
                    </row>
                </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </table>
        <p>A noun in apposition may come between antecedent and relative, because in such a
            combination no real ambiguity can arise.</p>
        <p>The Duke of York, his brother, who was regarded with hostility by the Whigs</p>
        <p>Modifiers should come, if possible, next to the word they modify. If several expressions
            modify the same word, they should be so arranged that no wrong relation is
            suggested.</p>
        <table outputclass="example" id="table_m41_fk3_z2b">
            <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="col1"/>
                <colspec colname="col2"/>
                <tbody>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">All the
                            members were not present.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">Not
                            all the members were present.</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">He only
                            found two mistakes.</entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">He
                            found only two mistakes.</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col1" nameend="col1" outputclass="first">Major
                            R. E. Joyce will give a lecture on Tuesday evening in Bailey Hall, to
                            which the public is invited, on “My Experiences in Mesopotamia” at eight
                            P. M. </entry>
                        <entry morerows="0" namest="col2" nameend="col2" outputclass="second">On
                            Tuesday evening at eight <ph outputclass="small-caps all-upper"
                                >P. M.</ph>, Major R. E. Joyce will give in Bailey Hall a lecture on
                            “My Experiences in Mesopotamia.” The public is invited.</entry>
                    </row>
                </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </table>
    </conbody>
</concept>