Fix #513: [Model] ProductionPlanning (#761)

* Add plan for #513: [Model] ProductionPlanning

* Implement #513: [Model] ProductionPlanning

* chore: remove plan file after implementation

* fix: update ProductionPlanning to current Problem trait API

- Replace deprecated SatisfactionProblem/type Metric with type Value = Or
- Fix CLI --cost-budget → --cost-bound to use existing arg field
- Update tests to use Or() assertions and find_witness()

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Xiwei Pan <xiwei.pan@connect.hkust-gz.edu.cn>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: 3 people

docs/paper/reductions.typ

@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@
   "MultipleCopyFileAllocation": [Multiple Copy File Allocation],
   "ExpectedRetrievalCost": [Expected Retrieval Cost],
   "MultiprocessorScheduling": [Multiprocessor Scheduling],
+  "ProductionPlanning": [Production Planning],
   "PartitionIntoPathsOfLength2": [Partition into Paths of Length 2],
   "PartitionIntoTriangles": [Partition Into Triangles],
   "PrecedenceConstrainedScheduling": [Precedence Constrained Scheduling],
@@ -5436,6 +5437,57 @@ A classical NP-complete problem from Garey and Johnson @garey1979[Ch.~3, p.~76],
   ]
 }
 
+#{
+  let x = load-model-example("ProductionPlanning")
+  let n = x.instance.num_periods
+  let demands = x.instance.demands
+  let capacities = x.instance.capacities
+  let setup-costs = x.instance.setup_costs
+  let production-costs = x.instance.production_costs
+  let inventory-costs = x.instance.inventory_costs
+  let bound = x.instance.cost_bound
+  let plan = x.optimal_config
+  let prefix-production = range(n).map(i => plan.slice(0, i + 1).sum())
+  let prefix-demand = range(n).map(i => demands.slice(0, i + 1).sum())
+  let inventory = range(n).map(i => prefix-production.at(i) - prefix-demand.at(i))
+  let production-total = range(n).map(i => production-costs.at(i) * plan.at(i)).sum()
+  let inventory-total = range(n).map(i => inventory-costs.at(i) * inventory.at(i)).sum()
+  let setup-total = range(n).filter(i => plan.at(i) > 0).map(i => setup-costs.at(i)).sum()
+  [
+    #problem-def("ProductionPlanning")[
+      Given a positive integer $n$, period demands $r_1, dots, r_n in ZZ_(>= 0)$, production capacities $c_1, dots, c_n in ZZ_(>= 0)$, setup costs $b_1, dots, b_n in ZZ_(>= 0)$, per-unit production costs $p_1, dots, p_n in ZZ_(>= 0)$, per-unit inventory costs $h_1, dots, h_n in ZZ_(>= 0)$, and a bound $B in ZZ_(>= 0)$, determine whether there exist production quantities $x_1, dots, x_n$ such that $0 <= x_i <= c_i$ for every period $i$, the inventory prefix $I_i = sum_(j=1)^i (x_j - r_j)$ satisfies $I_i >= 0$ for every $i$, and $sum_(i=1)^n (p_i x_i + h_i I_i) + sum_(i: x_i > 0) b_i <= B$.
+    ][
+      Production Planning is the lot-sizing feasibility problem SS21 in Garey & Johnson @garey1979. Florian, Lenstra, and Rinnooy Kan show that the general problem is NP-complete even under strong restrictions, while also giving pseudo-polynomial dynamic-programming algorithms for capacitated variants @florianLenstraRinnooyKan1980. The implementation in this repository uses one bounded integer variable per period, so the registered exact baseline explores the direct witness space $product_i (c_i + 1)$; under the uniform-capacity bound $C = max_i c_i$, this becomes $O^*((C + 1)^n)$#footnote[This is the search bound induced by the configuration space exposed by the implementation, not a literature-best exact algorithm claim.].
+
+      *Example.* Consider the canonical instance with #n periods, demands $(#demands.map(str).join(", "))$, capacities $(#capacities.map(str).join(", "))$, setup costs $(#setup-costs.map(str).join(", "))$, production costs $(#production-costs.map(str).join(", "))$, inventory costs $(#inventory-costs.map(str).join(", "))$, and budget $B = #bound$. The satisfying production plan $x = (#plan.map(str).join(", "))$ yields prefix inventories $(#inventory.map(str).join(", "))$. The verifier therefore accepts, and its cost breakdown is $#production-total + #inventory-total + #setup-total = #(production-total + inventory-total + setup-total) <= #bound$.
+
+      #pred-commands(
+        "pred create --example " + problem-spec(x) + " -o production-planning.json",
+        "pred solve production-planning.json --solver brute-force",
+        "pred evaluate production-planning.json --config " + x.optimal_config.map(str).join(","),
+      )
+
+      #figure({
+        table(
+          columns: n + 1,
+          align: center,
+          inset: 4pt,
+          table.header([*Period*], ..range(n).map(i => [#(i + 1)])),
+          [$r_i$], ..range(n).map(i => [#demands.at(i)]),
+          [$c_i$], ..range(n).map(i => [#capacities.at(i)]),
+          [$b_i$], ..range(n).map(i => [#setup-costs.at(i)]),
+          [$p_i$], ..range(n).map(i => [#production-costs.at(i)]),
+          [$h_i$], ..range(n).map(i => [#inventory-costs.at(i)]),
+          [$x_i$], ..range(n).map(i => [#plan.at(i)]),
+          [$I_i$], ..range(n).map(i => [#inventory.at(i)]),
+        )
+      },
+      caption: [Canonical Production Planning instance from the example DB. The documented plan meets every prefix-demand constraint and stays within the budget $B = #bound$.],
+      ) <fig:production-planning>
+    ]
+  ]
+}
+
 #{
   let x = load-model-example("CapacityAssignment")
   [

docs/paper/references.bib

@@ -180,6 +180,16 @@ @book{garey1979
   year      = {1979}
 }
 
+@article{florianLenstraRinnooyKan1980,
+  author  = {M. Florian and J. K. Lenstra and A. H. G. Rinnooy Kan},
+  title   = {Deterministic Production Planning: Algorithms and Complexity},
+  journal = {Management Science},
+  volume  = {26},
+  number  = {7},
+  pages   = {669--679},
+  year    = {1980}
+}
+
 @article{busingstiller2011,
   author  = {Christina Büsing and Sebastian Stiller},
   title   = {Line planning, path constrained network flow and inapproximability},

problemreductions-cli/src/cli.rs

@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ Flags by problem type:
   PathConstrainedNetworkFlow      --arcs, --capacities, --source, --sink, --paths, --requirement
   Factoring                       --target, --m, --n
   BinPacking                      --sizes, --capacity
-  CapacityAssignment              --capacities, --cost-matrix, --delay-matrix, --delay-budget
+  CapacityAssignment              --capacities, --cost-matrix, --delay-matrix, --cost-budget, --delay-budget
+  ProductionPlanning             --num-periods, --demands, --capacities, --setup-costs, --production-costs, --inventory-costs, --cost-bound
   SubsetSum                       --sizes, --target
   ThreePartition                  --sizes, --bound
   SumOfSquaresPartition           --sizes, --num-groups
@@ -329,7 +330,8 @@ Examples:
   pred create MIS --graph 0-1,1-2,2-3 --weights 1,1,1
   pred create SAT --num-vars 3 --clauses \"1,2;-1,3\"
   pred create QUBO --matrix \"1,0.5;0.5,2\"
-  pred create CapacityAssignment --capacities 1,2,3 --cost-matrix \"1,3,6;2,4,7;1,2,5\" --delay-matrix \"8,4,1;7,3,1;6,3,1\" --delay-budget 12
+  pred create CapacityAssignment --capacities 1,2,3 --cost-matrix \"1,3,6;2,4,7;1,2,5\" --delay-matrix \"8,4,1;7,3,1;6,3,1\" --cost-budget 10 --delay-budget 12
+  pred create ProductionPlanning --num-periods 6 --demands 5,3,7,2,8,5 --capacities 12,12,12,12,12,12 --setup-costs 10,10,10,10,10,10 --production-costs 1,1,1,1,1,1 --inventory-costs 1,1,1,1,1,1 --cost-bound 80
   pred create GeneralizedHex --graph 0-1,0-2,0-3,1-4,2-4,3-4,4-5 --source 0 --sink 5
   pred create IntegralFlowWithMultipliers --arcs \"0>1,0>2,1>3,2>3\" --capacities 1,1,2,2 --source 0 --sink 3 --multipliers 1,2,3,1 --requirement 2
   pred create MultipleChoiceBranching/i32 --arcs \"0>1,0>2,1>3,2>3,1>4,3>5,4>5,2>4\" --weights 3,2,4,1,2,3,1,3 --partition \"0,1;2,3;4,7;5,6\" --bound 10
@@ -379,6 +381,18 @@ pub struct CreateArgs {
     /// Capacities (edge capacities for flow problems, capacity levels for CapacityAssignment)
     #[arg(long)]
     pub capacities: Option<String>,
+    /// Demands for ProductionPlanning (comma-separated, e.g., "5,3,7,2,8,5")
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub demands: Option<String>,
+    /// Setup costs for ProductionPlanning (comma-separated, e.g., "10,10,10,10,10,10")
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub setup_costs: Option<String>,
+    /// Per-unit production costs for ProductionPlanning (comma-separated, e.g., "1,1,1,1,1,1")
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub production_costs: Option<String>,
+    /// Per-unit inventory costs for ProductionPlanning (comma-separated, e.g., "1,1,1,1,1,1")
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub inventory_costs: Option<String>,
     /// Bundle capacities for IntegralFlowBundles (e.g., 1,1,1)
     #[arg(long)]
     pub bundle_capacities: Option<String>,