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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
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<title>About & Methodology — SupplementScore</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Who builds SupplementScore, how every score is generated, the source hierarchy, funding policy, and review cadence — published in full.">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://supplementscore.org/about.html">
<meta property="og:title" content="About & Methodology — SupplementScore">
<meta property="og:description" content="Editorial process, funding, methodology, and conflict-of-interest policy for SupplementScore.">
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<symbol id="lg-abc" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M15 5 C10 8 8 13 10 18 C12 22 17 22 20 18 C22 14 20 9 15 5 Z" fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="1"/><path d="M15 5 L15 20" stroke="white" stroke-width=".7" opacity=".5" stroke-linecap="round"/><path d="M13 10 Q15 12 17 10 M12 14 Q15 16 18 14" stroke="white" stroke-width=".6" fill="none" opacity=".6" stroke-linecap="round"/><text x="15" y="29" font-size="5.5" fill="white" text-anchor="middle" font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="700" letter-spacing=".4">ABC</text></symbol>
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<symbol id="lg-nutrev" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M6 7 L15 6 L24 7 L24 21 L15 20 L6 21 Z" fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="1"/><line x1="15" y1="6" x2="15" y2="20" stroke="white" stroke-width=".6" opacity=".5"/><path d="M20 10 Q22 12 20 15 Q22 17 19 18" fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width=".9" stroke-linecap="round"/><text x="15" y="28" font-size="4.5" fill="white" text-anchor="middle" font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="700" letter-spacing=".2">NUTR REV</text></symbol>
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<span aria-current="page" style="color:var(--color-text-secondary)">About & Methodology</span>
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<div class="ar-cat">About SupplementScore</div>
<h1>Honest, independent supplement evidence — free for everyone.</h1>
<div class="ar-meta">Last reviewed May 22, 2026 · Maintained by the <a href="#contribute" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px">SupplementScore Editorial Team</a> · Published under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CC-BY 4.0</a></div>
<p class="ar-lede">SupplementScore is a free, public reference that grades dietary supplements against published clinical trials. Every score traces back to peer-reviewed research. No sponsorships, no affiliates, no ads. This page covers who we are, how scoring works, and the policies that keep the calls honest.</p>
<div class="ab-stats">
<div class="ab-stat"><div class="ab-stat-num">733+</div><div class="ab-stat-lbl">Supplements scored</div></div>
<div class="ab-stat"><div class="ab-stat-num">80+</div><div class="ab-stat-lbl">Trusted sources</div></div>
<div class="ab-stat"><div class="ab-stat-num">27,000+</div><div class="ab-stat-lbl">Studies reviewed</div></div>
<div class="ab-stat"><div class="ab-stat-num">$0</div><div class="ab-stat-lbl">Industry funding</div></div>
</div>
<div class="ab-toc">
<strong>On this page</strong>
<a href="#why">Why we exist</a>
<a href="#tiers">Evidence tiers</a>
<a href="#scores">Sub-scores</a>
<a href="#promotion">How tiers move</a>
<a href="#sources">Sources</a>
<a href="#funding">Funding policy</a>
<a href="#cadence">Review cadence</a>
<a href="#interactions">Interactions</a>
<a href="#roadmap">Roadmap</a>
<a href="#limits">What we don't claim</a>
<a href="#glossary">Glossary</a>
<a href="#feedback">Flag an error</a>
<a href="#contribute">Contribute</a>
</div>
<h2 id="why">Why we exist</h2>
<p>The right supplement can genuinely change someone's life — better sleep, less joint pain, more energy, fewer migraines. The wrong one can drain a wallet, interact with a prescription, or harm an organ. But finding honest information is nearly impossible. The supplement industry generates over $50 billion a year in the US alone, and most of what you read online is written by someone trying to sell you something.</p>
<p>We built SupplementScore to fix that. The long-term goal is to use the best of clinical evidence, and eventually blood work and DNA, to curate precise, personalized supplement guidance for each individual. We don't sell supplements. We don't accept sponsorships. We don't run affiliate links. SupplementScore is, and will remain, free.</p>
<div class="ab-callout">
<strong>Our values.</strong> Radical transparency — every score is fully traceable to its source studies. Independence first — zero industry funding, zero affiliate deals with brands we score. Living knowledge — scores evolve as the evidence evolves. Science is never settled, and neither are we.
</div>
<h2 id="tiers">The four evidence tiers</h2>
<p>Every supplement on the site is placed in one of four tiers. The tier is the headline call: how confident the evidence is, and what kind of risk profile the supplement carries.</p>
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Tier</th><th>What it means</th><th>What moves a supplement here</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span class="ab-tier t1">Tier 1</span></td>
<td><strong>Proven effective.</strong> Backed by multiple large RCTs and meta-analyses with consistent, replicated results across independent research groups.</td>
<td>≥1 systematic review or meta-analysis showing a meaningful effect, plus ≥1 independently-funded confirmatory RCT. Industry-only evidence cannot drive a Tier 1 call.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="ab-tier t2">Tier 2</span></td>
<td><strong>Promising.</strong> Supported by clinical trials, but limited to specific populations, conditions, or dosages. Real potential — awaiting larger confirmatory studies.</td>
<td>≥2 RCTs in a defined population with a consistent direction of effect, but small total N or no meta-analysis yet.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="ab-tier t3">Tier 3</span></td>
<td><strong>Unproven.</strong> Limited or conflicting human data. Marketing claims often outrun the research. Many popular supplements live here.</td>
<td>Mechanistic plausibility, animal data, or single small RCTs only. Surfaced so readers can see what the evidence does and doesn't say.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="ab-tier t4">Tier 4</span></td>
<td><strong>Risky / avoid.</strong> Documented safety risks including organ damage, severe drug interactions, or death. Regulatory warnings issued. Do not use.</td>
<td>FDA warning letter or recall, EMA / EFSA negative opinion, multiple peer-reviewed case reports of serious adverse events, or banned status in any major jurisdiction.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="scores">The six sub-scores</h2>
<p>Each supplement carries six 1–5 sub-scores. They roll up into the headline 0–100 score shown on the card, with efficacy and safety weighted highest. The sub-scores let you see <em>why</em> a supplement scores the way it does, instead of treating the headline as a black box. The exact formula lives in <code>app.js</code> under <code>calcScore</code> and is open for inspection.</p>
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Field</th><th>What 1 means</th><th>What 5 means</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><strong>Efficacy</strong></td><td>Insufficient evidence of benefit</td><td>Conclusive — meta-analytic evidence with consistent direction</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Safety</strong></td><td>Documented serious harm at typical doses</td><td>Excellent — no adverse signals across large population studies</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Research depth</strong></td><td>Minimal — <3 published trials</td><td>Extensive — >20 trials including meta-analyses</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Onset</strong></td><td>8+ weeks before noticeable effect</td><td>Immediate / hours</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Cost / value</strong></td><td>High cost for marginal benefit</td><td>Meaningful effect for low cost</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Drug-interaction risk</strong></td><td>Severe interactions documented</td><td>None known</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="promotion">How tiers move</h2>
<p>Tier is a function of the composite score <em>and</em> a citation gate. A high score alone is not enough for Tier 1; a low score alone is not enough to demote from Tier 1. A supplement only moves between tiers when both conditions for the new tier are satisfied at the same time:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Score band.</strong> The composite must fall inside the new tier's range (T1 ≥72, T2 60–71, T3 40–59, T4 <40).</li>
<li><strong>Citation gate (T1 only).</strong> At least one pivotal PubMed-indexed study with a public or nonprofit funder.</li>
<li><strong>Safety floor (T1 + T2 only).</strong> No active FDA / EFSA / TGA / Health Canada warning that renders the supplement inappropriate for the general adult population.</li>
<li><strong>Replication (T1 only).</strong> The pivotal effect has been seen in at least two independent samples — not necessarily two trials, but two analyses that don't share a single research group's data.</li>
</ul>
<p>Safety-driven moves are an exception: if a major regulator issues a contraindication or recall, the supplement moves to T4 within one deploy cycle regardless of efficacy score. In the prior 12 months: 12 net promotions, 4 demotions, and 1 safety-driven move. The full audit trail lives in <code>_archive/score-changes.csv</code>.</p>
<div class="ab-callout">
<strong>Worked example — psyllium husk.</strong> Sat at 70 (T2) for two years on the strength of older trials. A 2024 NIH-supported meta-analysis of 27 RCTs (PMID 38688104) lifted the efficacy score to 74. Replication was already met. Promoted T2 → T1 in April 2026.
</div>
<h2 id="sources">Where the evidence comes from</h2>
<p>Not all citations are equal. Where multiple sources speak to a single claim, the stronger evidence type carries more weight in the score. The order below is how we resolve disagreements between sources:</p>
<ol class="ab-hier">
<li><span class="rk">01</span><span class="nm">Meta-analyses & Cochrane systematic reviews</span><span class="ds">Pooled effect, risk-of-bias graded</span></li>
<li><span class="rk">02</span><span class="nm">Regulator dossiers</span><span class="ds">FDA / EFSA / EMA / NIH ODS / Health Canada</span></li>
<li><span class="rk">03</span><span class="nm">Independently-funded RCTs</span><span class="ds">Direct evidence in humans</span></li>
<li><span class="rk">04</span><span class="nm">Cohort & observational studies</span><span class="ds">Useful for safety signals</span></li>
<li><span class="rk">05</span><span class="nm">Mechanistic, animal, or anecdotal</span><span class="ds">Hypothesis-generating only</span></li>
</ol>
<p>The primary sources every score draws from include <strong>PubMed</strong>, the <strong>Cochrane Library</strong>, <strong>ClinicalTrials.gov</strong>, <strong>NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</strong>, <strong>NCCIH</strong>, <strong>EFSA</strong>, <strong>EMA HMPC</strong>, <strong>Health Canada NNHPD</strong>, <strong>openFDA FAERS</strong>, <strong>FDA MedWatch</strong>, <strong>WHO monographs</strong>, <strong>USDA FoodData Central</strong>, <strong>DrugBank</strong>, the <strong>USPSTF</strong>, and top-tier journals (NEJM, Lancet, JAMA, BMJ, AJCN, JISSN). Critical-appraisal frameworks include <strong>GRADE</strong>, <strong>Cochrane RoB 2</strong>, <strong>AMSTAR-2</strong>, <strong>CONSORT</strong>, and <strong>PRISMA</strong>. The complete registry of 80+ sources is in <code>sources/registry.json</code>; <a href="bibliography.html">browse the bibliography →</a></p>
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<div class="ab-sources-caption">All <b>61 sources</b> — click any to visit</div>
<div class="src-grid">
<a class="src-item" href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-cochrane"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Cochrane</div><div class="src-is">Systematic reviews</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-pubmed"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">PubMed</div><div class="src-is">NLM biomedical index</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://www.issn.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-issn"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">ISSN</div><div class="src-is">Sports nutrition society</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-uspstf"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">USPSTF</div><div class="src-is">US prevention task force</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-efsa"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">EFSA</div><div class="src-is">EU food safety</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-cdc"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">CDC</div><div class="src-is">US public health</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nih"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NIH ODS</div><div class="src-is">Dietary supplements office</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nccih"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NCCIH</div><div class="src-is">Complementary health</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://www.who.int/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-who"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">WHO</div><div class="src-is">World Health Organization</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item" href="https://examine.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-examine"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Examine</div><div class="src-is">Supplement research</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-trc"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Nat. Medicines</div><div class="src-is">TRC database</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory-overview/herbal-medicinal-products" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-ema"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">EMA / HMPC</div><div class="src-is">EU herbal monographs</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-tga"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Australian TGA</div><div class="src-is">Therapeutic Goods Admin.</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.consumerlab.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-clab"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">ConsumerLab</div><div class="src-is">Product testing</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.acsm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-acsm"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">ACSM</div><div class="src-is">Sports medicine</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.heart.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-aha"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">AHA</div><div class="src-is">Am. Heart Assn.</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.acog.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-acog"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">ACOG</div><div class="src-is">OB/GYN college</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.uptodate.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-uptodate"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">UpToDate</div><div class="src-is">Clinical decision support</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-hc"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Health Canada</div><div class="src-is">Natural Health Products</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nci"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NCI PDQ</div><div class="src-is">Cancer supplements</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.bmj.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-bmj"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">BMJ</div><div class="src-is">British Medical Journal</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/?set=Dietary%20Supplements" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-fda"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">FDA</div><div class="src-is">Supplement database</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.nejm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nejm"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NEJM</div><div class="src-is">New England J. Med.</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.thelancet.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-lancet"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Lancet</div><div class="src-is">Intl. medical journal</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://academic.oup.com/ajcn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-ajcn"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">AJCN</div><div class="src-is">Am. J. Clin. Nutrition</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.nsf.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nsf"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NSF</div><div class="src-is">Purity certification</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-ctgov"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">ClinicalTrials</div><div class="src-is">NIH trial registry</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.ahrq.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-ahrq"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">AHRQ</div><div class="src-is">US healthcare quality</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-annint"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Ann. Int. Med.</div><div class="src-is">Am. Coll. Physicians</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.herbalgram.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-abc"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Am. Botanical</div><div class="src-is">HerbalGram</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.wada-ama.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-wada"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">WADA</div><div class="src-is">Anti-doping agency</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-harvard"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Harvard Chan</div><div class="src-is">Public health</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-jhu"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Johns Hopkins</div><div class="src-is">Clinical reviews</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://med.stanford.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-stanford"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Stanford Med</div><div class="src-is">Translational research</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-cleveland"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Cleveland Clinic</div><div class="src-is">Drug & supplement</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://ki.se/en" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-karolinska"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Karolinska</div><div class="src-is">Medical research</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-plos"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">PLOS Medicine</div><div class="src-is">Open-access research</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-cellmet"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Cell Metabolism</div><div class="src-is">Metabolism research</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nutrev"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Nutr. Reviews</div><div class="src-is">Nutrition science</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://bjsm.bmj.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-bjsm"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">BJSM</div><div class="src-is">Br. J. Sports Med.</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-ehj"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Eur. Heart J.</div><div class="src-is">Cardiology flagship</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://link.springer.com/journal/125" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-diabetologia"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Diabetologia</div><div class="src-is">EASD journal</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15234681" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-jbmr"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">JBMR</div><div class="src-is">Bone & mineral</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-jama"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">JAMA</div><div class="src-is">Am. Medical Assn.</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-mayo"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Mayo Clinic</div><div class="src-is">Evidence reviews</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nhmrc"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NHMRC</div><div class="src-is">Australian research council</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.nice.org.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nice"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NICE</div><div class="src-is">UK care guidance</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-lpi"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Linus Pauling</div><div class="src-is">Micronutrient research</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/symptom-management/integrative-medicine/herbs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-mskcc"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">MSK Herbs</div><div class="src-is">Sloan Kettering</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.usp.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-usp"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">USP</div><div class="src-is">Quality verification</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://escop.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-escop"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">ESCOP</div><div class="src-is">EU phytotherapy</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/topic/health-and-medicine/food-and-nutrition" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-nasem"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">NASEM</div><div class="src-is">DRIs & upper limits</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-mhra"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">MHRA</div><div class="src-is">UK regulator</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-grade"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">GRADE</div><div class="src-is">Evidence grading</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.ahajournals.org/journal/circ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-circ"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Circulation</div><div class="src-is">AHA cardiology</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://gut.bmj.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-gut"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Gut</div><div class="src-is">GI & microbiome</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://academic.oup.com/edrv" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-endorev"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Endo. Reviews</div><div class="src-is">Hormone science</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://diabetesjournals.org/care" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-diacare"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Diabetes Care</div><div class="src-is">ADA clinical journal</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.aap.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-aap"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">AAP</div><div class="src-is">Am. Acad. Pediatrics</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://www.nutritioncare.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-aspen"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">ASPEN</div><div class="src-is">Clinical nutrition</div></div></a>
<a class="src-item is-collapsed" href="https://nutrition.tufts.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="src-il"><use href="#lg-tufts"/></svg><div><div class="src-in">Tufts Friedman</div><div class="src-is">Nutrition science</div></div></a>
</div>
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<p>What we explicitly do <em>not</em> use as primary sources: manufacturer literature, affiliate-driven supplement review sites, nutritional industry trade publications, celebrity-endorsed product pages, retailer product pages, multilevel-marketing materials, and influencer or podcast claims. They may appear in an article only as evidence of a marketing claim being analysed.</p>
<h2 id="funding">Funding policy</h2>
<p>Industry-funded supplement trials report effect sizes ~20–30% larger on average than independently-funded ones, after controlling for design quality. We don't pretend this away.</p>
<ul>
<li>Every cited study is tagged with funder, funder type (<code>public</code>, <code>industry</code>, <code>mixed</code>, <code>nonprofit</code>, <code>none_disclosed</code>), and a competing-interest flag.</li>
<li>When pooled effect sizes come from industry-funded trials, we apply a <strong>~25% downward adjustment</strong> in the narrative. The adjustment is documented per supplement.</li>
<li>A Tier 1 call requires at least one <code>public</code> or <code>nonprofit</code>-funded confirmatory study. Industry-only evidence cannot promote a supplement to Tier 1.</li>
<li>Citations visually flag industry funding (amber) and competing-interest disclosures (red) so readers can weigh them themselves.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Why 25% and not 0%:</strong> industry-funded trials are not worthless. Many are well-designed and add real evidence. We discount rather than discard. The number is a judgment call drawn from meta-research on funding bias; we'll revise as our own tracking accumulates.</p>
<p>Our own COI policy: SupplementScore is operated as a non-profit. We accept no funding from manufacturers, distributors, retailers, or affiliate programs. We do not run advertising. Hosting and tooling are paid from individual reader donations and the operator's personal funds. Editorial staff disclose any holdings (equity, consulting, speakerships) related to the supplement industry within the prior three years; anyone with active industry ties cannot author or second-read entries where the conflict applies.</p>
<h2 id="cadence">Review cadence</h2>
<p>Different content carries different stakes. We review accordingly:</p>
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Content</th><th>Cadence</th><th>Triggers</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Tier 4 (risky/avoid) and safety articles</td><td><strong>14 days</strong> or on regulator alert</td><td>PubMed + openFDA FAERS + FDA MedWatch RSS + EFSA alerts</td></tr>
<tr><td>Tier 1 and breakthrough articles</td><td>30 days</td><td>PubMed + Cochrane</td></tr>
<tr><td>Pediatric supplements</td><td>30 days</td><td>PubMed + AAP + NIH ODS pediatric</td></tr>
<tr><td>Tier 2 / Tier 3 supplements</td><td>60 days</td><td>PubMed + ODS / EMA</td></tr>
<tr><td>Evergreen guides and myth-busting</td><td>90 days</td><td>PubMed</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>If FDA MedWatch or EFSA publishes an alert for a supplement we track, it jumps the queue regardless of its last-reviewed date. Every supplement card and article shows its <em>Last reviewed</em> date so readers can see how fresh the call is.</p>
<h2 id="interactions">How interactions are modeled</h2>
<p>The interactions system is built on three pieces. <strong>Pairs</strong> capture explicit positive synergies — vitamin D3 + K2 for bone density, iron + vitamin C for absorption — each with a 1–5 strength rating. <strong>Cautions</strong> capture explicit negative pair interactions with severity: either <code>caution</code> (additive risk that warrants attention) or <code>avoid</code> (combinations to skip). St. John's Wort + SSRIs is an <code>avoid</code> for serotonin syndrome; ashwagandha + thyroid medication is a <code>caution</code>. <strong>Mechanism groups</strong> bundle supplements that share a pathway (bleed, serotonin, sedation, stimulant, hepatotoxic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, thyroid modulator, and others) and auto-flag any two members against each other.</p>
<p>When you build a stack in your profile, the system flags conflicts in three places: a chip on each card, a grouped row inside the card describing the mechanism, and a top-of-plan banner enumerating every conflict. Drug-supplement interactions are a separate parallel system, currently in build-out as Phase 2 of the roadmap.</p>
<h2 id="roadmap">Roadmap</h2>
<p>Four stages toward hyper-personalized supplement recommendations.</p>
<div class="ab-roadmap">
<div class="ab-road"><div class="ab-road-stage">Stage 01 · Active</div><h3>Comprehensive database</h3><p>733+ supplements evaluated across six clinical dimensions, every rating derived from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and human trials across 80+ peer-reviewed sources. Continuously updated.</p></div>
<div class="ab-road in-prog"><div class="ab-road-stage">Stage 02 · In progress</div><h3>Personalized recommendations</h3><p>Profile-based engine that generates a custom supplement plan from your age, sex, goals, conditions, and medications — what to take, what to avoid, dosing, timing, and interactions.</p></div>
<div class="ab-road soon"><div class="ab-road-stage">Stage 03 · Coming soon</div><h3>Blood work & lab integration</h3><p>Upload blood panels or urine tests to identify specific deficiencies. Results analysed against optimal ranges to recommend targeted supplements for what your body actually needs.</p></div>
<div class="ab-road plan"><div class="ab-road-stage">Stage 04 · Planned</div><h3>DNA-based personalization</h3><p>Incorporate MTHFR, VDR, CYP, and APOE variants to refine recommendations based on how you absorb, metabolise, and respond to specific nutrients.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="limits">What we don't claim</h2>
<div class="ab-warn">
<strong>SupplementScore is an educational reference, not medical advice and not a medical device.</strong> We summarise evidence and provide tier calls. Individual dosing, diagnosis, and treatment decisions belong to a qualified clinician who knows your specific history.
</div>
<p>Specifically, we do not diagnose conditions or recommend supplements as treatment for a diagnosed condition, provide individualised dosing (the doses shown are population-level ranges from clinical trials), replace pharmacist or physician review of supplement-medication interactions, endorse specific brands, or claim that any supplement prevents, treats, or cures any disease.</p>
<p>Scores reflect group-level clinical data; individual responses vary by genetics, diet, health status, medications, and pre-existing conditions. Supplement quality varies dramatically between brands — we do not test, certify, or endorse specific products. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing supplements, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on medications. In a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services immediately.</p>
<h2 id="glossary">Glossary</h2>
<p>Plain-language definitions for the research terms used across the site. If you've ever wondered what "p < 0.05" means or what "GRADE" actually grades, this is for you.</p>
<div class="ab-glossary">
<input type="text" id="gl-search" class="gl-search" placeholder="Filter terms (e.g. RCT, meta-analysis, MTHFR)" autocomplete="off">
<div class="gl-section">Study design</div>
<dl>
<div class="gl-term"><dt><span class="acro">RCT</span>Randomized controlled trial</dt><dd>The strongest single-study design. Participants are randomly assigned to receive the intervention (e.g. a supplement) or a control (placebo or standard care). Randomization balances confounders so any difference in outcome is attributable to the intervention.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term"><dt><span class="acro">DBPC</span>Double-blind, placebo-controlled</dt><dd>An RCT where neither the participant nor the researchers measuring outcomes know who received the active compound. Eliminates placebo and observer bias. The gold standard for supplement evidence.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term"><dt><span class="acro">Crossover</span>Crossover trial</dt><dd>Each participant receives both the intervention and the control, separated by a washout period. Smaller sample size needed but only works for short-term, fully-reversible effects.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term"><dt><span class="acro">Cohort</span>Cohort study</dt><dd>Observational. Follows a group of people over time and observes which ones develop an outcome. Can show association, not causation. Confounding (e.g. healthy-user bias) is the main weakness.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term"><dt><span class="acro">Case-control</span>Case-control study</dt><dd>Observational. Compares people with a condition to people without it, looking backward for differences. Cheap and fast but prone to recall bias.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">In vitro</span>In vitro</dt><dd>Latin for "in glass". Done in cells or test tubes, not in living humans or animals. Hypothesis-generating; rarely translates directly to human effects.</dd></div>
</dl>
<div class="gl-section is-collapsed">Synthesizing evidence</div>
<dl>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">SR</span>Systematic review</dt><dd>A structured search across all published evidence on a question, using pre-specified inclusion criteria. Reduces cherry-picking. Often paired with a meta-analysis.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Meta-analysis</span>Meta-analysis</dt><dd>Pools the numeric results of multiple RCTs to compute a more precise summary effect. Cochrane reviews are considered the highest-quality form. The site's Tier 1 calls usually rest on a meta-analysis with positive results.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">NMA</span>Network meta-analysis</dt><dd>A meta-analysis that compares 3+ interventions even when not all of them have been directly compared head-to-head. Used to rank treatments (e.g. the 2025 Cheng NMA ranking nutraceuticals against antidepressants).</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">GRADE</span>GRADE evidence rating</dt><dd>A standardized framework that rates the certainty of evidence as High, Moderate, Low, or Very Low based on study design, consistency, directness, precision, and publication bias.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">PRISMA</span>PRISMA reporting standard</dt><dd>The PRISMA checklist standardizes how systematic reviews report their methods, so you can reproduce the search and judge what was excluded.</dd></div>
</dl>
<div class="gl-section is-collapsed">Effect-size measures</div>
<dl>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">SMD</span>Standardized mean difference</dt><dd>The intervention's effect expressed in standard deviations. SMD 0.2 ≈ small, 0.5 ≈ moderate, 0.8 ≈ large. Lets you compare effect sizes across trials that used different scales.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">RR</span>Relative risk</dt><dd>The ratio of an event happening in the treated group vs control. RR 0.7 means 30% lower risk; RR 1.5 means 50% higher risk.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">OR</span>Odds ratio</dt><dd>Like RR but uses odds (event:no-event) instead of probability. Approximates RR when the event is rare.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">HR</span>Hazard ratio</dt><dd>Like RR but accounts for time-to-event. Used in survival analysis.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">CI</span>Confidence interval (95% CI)</dt><dd>The range within which the "true" effect probably lies. If the 95% CI for an RR crosses 1.0, the result is not statistically significant.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">p-value</span>p-value</dt><dd>The probability that a result this large would happen by chance if the intervention had no real effect. p < 0.05 is the conventional cutoff for "statistically significant" — but it doesn't mean clinically meaningful.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">NNT</span>Number needed to treat</dt><dd>How many people you'd need to treat to prevent one bad outcome. NNT 10 = treat 10 people for one to benefit. The lower the better.</dd></div>
</dl>
<div class="gl-section is-collapsed">Citation infrastructure</div>
<dl>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">PMID</span>PubMed identifier</dt><dd>A unique number assigned by the U.S. National Library of Medicine to every paper indexed in PubMed. Lets you look up the exact source — every PMID on this site is a clickable link.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">DOI</span>Digital Object Identifier</dt><dd>A persistent ID for any published document. Resolves to the publisher's page (where the full PDF often lives behind a paywall, sometimes not).</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">PMC</span>PubMed Central</dt><dd>The free full-text repository for biomedical research. ~6 million papers; a subset of PubMed.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">COI</span>Conflict of interest</dt><dd>Any financial or personal relationship that could bias the research. We tag every cited paper with its disclosed COI status.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Funder type</span>Funder type</dt><dd>Who paid for the research. Categorised on this site as <code>public</code> (NIH, NHS, etc.), <code>nonprofit</code> (American Heart Association, etc.), <code>industry</code> (a supplement company), <code>mixed</code>, or <code>none_disclosed</code>. Tier 1 calls require at least one public/nonprofit citation.</dd></div>
</dl>
<div class="gl-section is-collapsed">Pharmacology terms</div>
<dl>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">UL</span>Tolerable Upper Intake Level</dt><dd>The highest daily intake of a nutrient unlikely to cause harm in nearly all people. Set by NIH/NAS/EFSA. Above the UL, risk of toxicity rises.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">RDA</span>Recommended Dietary Allowance</dt><dd>The intake sufficient to meet the requirement of 97–98% of healthy people. Below the RDA, deficiency risk rises.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">AI</span>Adequate Intake</dt><dd>Used when an RDA can't be set due to insufficient data. The AI is the average intake assumed to maintain adequacy.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">EAR</span>Estimated Average Requirement</dt><dd>The intake that meets the requirement of 50% of healthy people in a group. Below the EAR, deficiency is statistically common.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">CYP450</span>Cytochrome P450</dt><dd>The liver's main drug-metabolising enzyme system. CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 are the most clinically important. Many supplements either induce (speed up) or inhibit (slow down) these — which changes prescription drug levels.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">P-gp</span>P-glycoprotein</dt><dd>A pump that ferries drugs out of cells. Some supplements modulate P-gp activity, which changes how much of an oral drug actually gets absorbed and how much gets cleared.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Half-life</span>Half-life</dt><dd>The time it takes for half of a dose to clear from the bloodstream. After 5 half-lives, ~97% is gone. Determines dosing frequency.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">AUC</span>Area Under the Curve</dt><dd>Total drug exposure over time. A higher AUC means more drug reached the bloodstream — relevant when evaluating bioavailability or absorption-enhancing pairings (e.g. piperine + curcumin).</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Cmax</span>Cmax</dt><dd>Peak blood concentration after a dose.</dd></div>
</dl>
<div class="gl-section is-collapsed">Genetic terms</div>
<dl>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">SNP</span>Single nucleotide polymorphism</dt><dd>A common one-letter difference in DNA. Some SNPs affect how you metabolise nutrients or drugs.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">MTHFR</span>MTHFR variant</dt><dd>The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. Common variants (C677T, A1298C) reduce conversion of folic acid to its active form. Carriers benefit from supplementing methylfolate (5-MTHF) directly.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">APOE4</span>APOE4 carrier</dt><dd>A variant of the apolipoprotein E gene linked to higher Alzheimer's risk. Some supplement effects (e.g. omega-3, B vitamins) differ by APOE status.</dd></div>
</dl>
<div class="gl-section is-collapsed">Methodology shorthand</div>
<dl>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Tier 1</span>Tier 1 (Strong Evidence)</dt><dd>Composite score ≥ 72 AND at least one cited PMID with public or nonprofit funding. The "I'm comfortable taking this" tier.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Tier 2</span>Tier 2 (Promising)</dt><dd>Composite score 60–71. Real evidence but limited to specific populations, doses, or outcomes.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Tier 3</span>Tier 3 (Trending)</dt><dd>Popular in wellness culture but weak or inconsistent clinical evidence.</dd></div>
<div class="gl-term is-collapsed"><dt><span class="acro">Tier 4</span>Tier 4 (Risky / Avoid)</dt><dd>Documented safety risks (organ damage, drug interactions, deaths). Regulatory warnings issued.</dd></div>
</dl>
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<h2 id="feedback">Flag an error</h2>
<p>If you spot an inaccurate claim, click the <strong>Flag inaccuracy</strong> button on the affected article or supplement card. The form asks for three things: the claim you think is wrong, what you think it should say, and a citation URL (PubMed, DOI, regulator dossier, or peer-reviewed paper).</p>
<p>The citation is required up front because it turns reader feedback into a signal we can act on. Every submission with a citation gets triaged. Submissions touching Tier 4 safety or drug interactions are escalated to same-day review — wrong information about high-stakes content is the highest-liability content on the site, and we treat it that way.</p>
<section class="ab-cta" id="contribute">
<h2 style="margin-top:0">Help build the database</h2>
<p>SupplementScore is a community effort. Clinicians, researchers, developers, and writers make the data better every day. Corrections, new evidence, or partnership all welcome.</p>
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<section class="ab-rev" id="revisions" aria-label="Latest data revisions">
<div class="ab-rev-title">Latest data revisions</div>
<div class="ab-rev-row"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 25, 2026</span><span>Legacy <code>/s/<slug>.html</code> supplement URLs unified under the canonical <code>/supplement.html?slug=…</code> route — internal supplement clicks now skip the redirect hop and render directly into the canonical card. Hero search dropdown layering fixed so results no longer hide behind the filter pills.</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 25, 2026</span><span>Top-100 supplement↔article evidence audit: 566 new supplement-article relationships surfaced; 85 over-tags corrected (Vitamin D3 over-tags halved, Omega-3 over-tags down 60%, Zinc-prostate caution added). Article visual template unified across 229 article pages — consistent heading hierarchy and wrapper typography site-wide.</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 22, 2026</span><span>Methodology page absorbed into the About page so the editorial process and the org behind it live in one place. Article-generator dedup tightened — 38 title-level duplicate orphans removed.</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 21, 2026</span><span>Comparison hub expanded: 17 new head-to-head pages including curcumin formulations, creatine forms, zinc forms, probiotic strains, and the full thiamine family (123 comparisons total).</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 19–21, 2026</span><span>55 new articles published across pediatric supplementation, novel longevity compounds, regulatory safety (EGCG hepatotoxicity, curcumin DILIN cases), and form-vs-form deep dives (NMN vs NR, MK-7 vs MK-4, ferrous sulfate vs bisglycinate).</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 16, 2026</span><span>Daytime scheduled-task expansion — adds hourly content checks and triggers out-of-cycle reviews on FDA MedWatch / EFSA alerts within hours instead of days.</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 13, 2026</span><span>Medications hub launched at <code>/m/</code> — five drug pages at first (amlodipine, gabapentin, semaglutide, sertraline, tramadol), now expanded to eleven. Research page article-card grid sweep registered 30 previously-orphaned articles.</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 8–13, 2026</span><span>Article catalog grew from 254 to 283 cards on the Research page; placeholder updated from "Search 241 articles…" to "Search 284 articles…".</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">May 2, 2026</span><span>Largest single batch of the year — 238 articles published in one day, covering the long-tail of population-specific guidance (pediatrics, pregnancy, athletes, seniors).</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">Apr 29, 2026</span><span>Dark mode retired site-wide. All pages now force light theme — cleaner reading on long-form content and one fewer styling layer to maintain.</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">Apr 16, 2026</span><span>Added 50 new supplements (733 total) spanning mitochondrial compounds, vitamin E isomers, HMO prebiotics, omega-3 plant oils, and chelated mineral forms. 12 new sources added (55 total).</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">Apr 14, 2026</span><span>Added ClinicalTrials.gov, AHRQ, Annals of Internal Medicine, American Botanical Council, and WADA as primary sources.</span></div>
<div class="ab-rev-row is-collapsed"><span class="ab-rev-date">Apr 10, 2026</span><span>Updated Omega-3 description — corrected VITAL trial data attribution. Vitamin K2 drug-interaction score upgraded to "significant" (warfarin).</span></div>
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var input = form.querySelector('input[type=email]');
var btn = form.querySelector('button');
var email = (input.value || '').trim();
if (!email || email.indexOf('@') < 0 || email.length < 5) {
input.classList.add('is-invalid');
setTimeout(function(){ input.classList.remove('is-invalid'); }, 2000);
return false;
}
btn.disabled = true; btn.textContent = 'Sending…';
fetch('https://formspree.io/f/mnjoylkz', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Accept': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify({ email: email, source: 'contributor-footer', date: new Date().toISOString() })
}).then(function(r){
if (r.ok) { form.classList.add('is-success'); }
else { btn.disabled = false; btn.textContent = 'Try again'; }
}).catch(function(){ btn.disabled = false; btn.textContent = 'Try again'; });
return false;
};
</script>
</footer>
<!-- SS_FOOTER_END -->
</body>
</html>