references.bib

% Encoding: x-MacRoman


@Article{Anderson1976effects,
  Title                    = {Effects of stratining on shear modulus of clays},
  Author                   = {Anderson, DG and Richart Jr, FE},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {1976},
  Number                   = {ASCE\# 12428},
  Volume                   = {102}
}

@InCollection{Anderson1978,
  Title                    = {Shear modulus: a time-dependent soil property},
  Author                   = {Anderson, DG and Stokoe, KH},
  Booktitle                = {Dynamic geotechnical testing},
  Publisher                = {ASTM International},
  Year                     = {1978}
}

@Article{Assimaki2002equivalent,
  Title                    = {An equivalent linear algorithm with frequency-and pressure-dependent moduli and damping for the seismic analysis of deep sites},
  Author                   = {Assimaki, Dominic and Kausel, Eduardo},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {959--965},
  Volume                   = {22},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Assimaki2000,
  Title                    = {Model for dynamic shear modulus and damping for granular soils},
  Author                   = {Assimaki, Dominic and Kausel, Eduardo and Whittle, Andrew},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {10},
  Pages                    = {859--869},
  Volume                   = {126},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Assimaki2012,
  Title                    = {Site-and ground motion-dependent nonlinear effects in seismological model predictions},
  Author                   = {Assimaki, Dominic and Li, Wei},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {143--151},
  Volume                   = {32},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Assimaki2008quantifying,
  Title                    = {Quantifying nonlinearity susceptibility via site-response modeling uncertainty at three sites in the Los Angeles Basin},
  Author                   = {Assimaki, Dominic and Li, Wei and Steidl, Jamison and Schmedes, Jan},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {2364--2390},
  Volume                   = {98},

  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America}
}

@Article{Assimaki2007,
  Title                    = {Inverse analysis of weak and strong motion downhole array data from the M w 7.0 Sanriku-Minami earthquake},
  Author                   = {Assimaki, D and Steidl, J},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {73--92},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Assimaki2006attenuation,
  Title                    = {Attenuation and velocity structure for site response analyses via downhole seismogram inversion},
  Author                   = {Assimaki, Dominic and Steidl, Jamison and Liu, Peng Cheng},
  Journal                  = {pure and applied geophysics},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {81--118},
  Volume                   = {163},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Book{Bardet2000eera,
  Title                    = {EERA: a computer program for equivalent-linear earthquake site response analyses of layered soil deposits},
  Author                   = {Bardet, JP and Ichii, K and Lin, CH},
  Publisher                = {University of Southern California, Department of Civil Engineering},
  Year                     = {2000}
}

@Article{Bielak2011,
  Title                    = {Memory-efficient displacement-based internal friction for wave propagation simulation},
  Author                   = {Bielak, Jacobo and Karaoglu, Haydar and Taborda, Ricardo},
  Journal                  = {Geophysics},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {T131--T145},
  Volume                   = {76},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Society of Exploration Geophysicists},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.11}
}

@Article{Blakeslee1991,
  Title                    = {High-frequency site effects at two Parkfield downhole and surface stations},
  Author                   = {Blakeslee, Sam and Malin, Peter},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {1991},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {332--345},
  Volume                   = {81},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Bolisetti2014,
  Title                    = {Equivalent linear and nonlinear site response analysis for design and risk assessment of safety-related nuclear structures },
  Author                   = {Chandrakanth Bolisetti and Andrew S. Whittaker and H. Benjamin Mason and Ibrahim Almufti and Michael Willford},
  Journal                  = {Nuclear Engineering and Design },
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {107 - 121},
  Volume                   = {275},

  Abstract                 = {Abstract Site response analysis is a precursor to soil-structure interaction analysis, which is an essential component in the seismic analysis of safety-related nuclear structures. Output from site response analysis provides input to soil-structure interaction analysis. Current practice in calculating site response for safety-related nuclear applications mainly involves the equivalent linear method in the frequency-domain. Nonlinear time-domain methods are used by some for the assessment of buildings, bridges and petrochemical facilities. Several commercial programs have been developed for site response analysis but none of them have been formally validated for large strains and high frequencies, which are crucial for the performance assessment of safety-related nuclear structures. This study sheds light on the applicability of some industry-standard equivalent linear (SHAKE) and nonlinear (DEEPSOIL and LS-DYNA) programs across a broad range of frequencies, earthquake shaking intensities, and sites ranging from stiff sand to hard rock, all with a focus on application to safety-related nuclear structures. Results show that the equivalent linear method is unable to reproduce the high frequency acceleration response, resulting in almost constant spectral accelerations in the short period range. Analysis using LS-DYNA occasionally results in some unrealistic high frequency acceleration ÔnoiseÕ, which can be removed by smoothing the piece-wise linear backbone curve. Analysis using \{DEEPSOIL\} results in abrupt variations in the peak strains of consecutive soil layers. These variations are found to be a consequence of the underlying hysteresis rules. There are differences between the site response predictions from equivalent linear and nonlinear programs, especially for large strains and higher frequencies, which are important for nuclear applications. The acceleration predictions from nonlinear programs are reasonably close for most cases, but the peak strain predictions can be significantly different despite using identical backbone curves. Variability in the predictions of different site response analysis programs is significant for large strains and at higher frequencies, underlining the need for the validation of these programs. Biaxial horizontal site response analyses are also performed for the stiff soil site using LS-DYNA. Results from these analyses show that the inclusion of the orthogonal component of the ground motion in site response analysis can significantly influence the acceleration response. },
  Doi                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.04.033},
  ISSN                     = {0029-5493},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029549314002593}
}

@Article{Boore2007,
  Title                    = {Some thoughts on relating density to velocity},
  Author                   = {Boore, David M},
  Journal                  = {Notes on personal web, not published},
  Year                     = {2007},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Borja2002,
  Title                    = {Ground response in Lotung: total stress analyses and parametric studies},
  Author                   = {Borja, Ronaldo I and Duvernay, Blaise G and Lin, Chao-Hua},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {54--63},
  Volume                   = {128},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.07}
}

@Article{Bouckovalas2016,
  Title                    = {Equivalent Linear Computation of Response Spectra for Liquefiable Sites: The Spectral Envelope Method},
  Author                   = {Bouckovalas, George D and Tsiapas, Yannis Z and Zontanou, Vasiliki A and Kalogeraki, Chara G},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Pages                    = {04016115},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Bradley2011,
  Title                    = {A framework for validation of seismic response analyses using seismometer array recordings},
  Author                   = {Bradley, Brendon A},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {512--520},
  Volume                   = {31},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Article{Brennan2005,
  Title                    = {Evaluation of shear modulus and damping in dynamic centrifuge tests},
  Author                   = {Brennan, AJ and Thusyanthan, NI and Madabhushi, SP},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {12},
  Pages                    = {1488--1497},
  Volume                   = {131},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Carlton2016comparison,
  Title                    = {Comparison of Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Site Response Analysis Results and Model to Estimate Maximum Shear Strain},
  Author                   = {Carlton, Brian and Tokimatsu, Kohji},
  Journal                  = {Earthquake Spectra},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {1867--1887},
  Volume                   = {32},

  Publisher                = {Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}
}

@Article{Carlton2015,
  Title                    = {Comparison of Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Site Response Analysis Results and Model to Estimate Maximum Shear Strain},
  Author                   = {Carlton, Brian and Tokimatsu, Kohji},
  Journal                  = {Earthquake Spectra},
  Year                     = {2015},

  Publisher                = {Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}
}

@Article{Cherian2016,
  Title                    = {Effects of Vibration Cycles on Shear Modulus and Damping of Sand Using Resonant Column Tests},
  Author                   = {Cherian, Achu Catherine and Kumar, Jyant},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {12},
  Pages                    = {06016015},
  Volume                   = {142},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Book{Chopra1995,
  Title                    = {Dynamics of structures},
  Author                   = {Chopra, Anil K and others},
  Publisher                = {Prentice Hall New Jersey},
  Year                     = {1995},
  Volume                   = {3},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.04}
}

@Article{Clough1993,
  Title                    = {Dynamics of structures. 1993},
  Author                   = {Clough, Ray W and Penzien, Joseph},
  Journal                  = {Copyright of Applied Mechanics \& Materials},
  Year                     = {1993},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.04}
}

@Article{Cramer2004memphis,
  Title                    = {The Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, Seismic Hazard Maps},
  Author                   = {Cramer, Chris H and Gomberg, Joan S and Schweig, Eugene S and Waldron, Brian A and Tucker, Kathleen},
  Journal                  = {US Geological Survey Open-File Report},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Volume                   = {1294}
}

@InProceedings{Diaz2008,
  Title                    = {Strain thresholds in soil dynamics},
  Author                   = {D{\'\i}az-Rodr{\'\i}guez, JA and L{\'o}pez-Molina, JA},
  Booktitle                = {The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {12--17}
}

@Book{Darendeli2001development,
  Title                    = {Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves},
  Author                   = {Darendeli, Mehmet Baris},
  Year                     = {2001},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Book{Darendeli2001a,
  Title                    = {Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves},
  Author                   = {Darendeli, Mehmet Baris},
  Year                     = {2001}
}

@Article{Elgamal2001dynamic,
  Title                    = {Dynamic soil properties, seismic downhole arrays and applications in practice},
  Author                   = {Elgamal, Ahmed and Lai, Tao and Yang, Zhaohui and He, Liangcai},
  Year                     = {2001},

  Publisher                = {University of Missouri--Rolla}
}

@InProceedings{Faccioli1973microzonation,
  Title                    = {Microzonation criteria and seismic response studies for the city of Managua},
  Author                   = {Faccioli, EE and Santayo, V and Leone, JL},
  Booktitle                = {Conference proceedings, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute: Managua, Nicaragua, earthquake of December},
  Year                     = {1973},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {271--291},
  Volume                   = {23}
}

@Article{Fatahi2013,
  Title                    = {Fully nonlinear versus equivalent linear computation method for seismic analysis of midrise buildings on soft soils},
  Author                   = {Fatahi, Behzad and Tabatabaiefar, S Hamid Reza},
  Journal                  = {International Journal of Geomechanics},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {04014016},
  Volume                   = {14},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Fishman1995,
  Title                    = {Laboratory study of seismic free-field response of sand},
  Author                   = {Fishman, KL and Mander, JB and Richards, R},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {1995},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {33--43},
  Volume                   = {14},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Fukushima1992,
  Title                    = {Measurement of Q- 1 for S waves in mudstone at Chikura, Japan: Comparison of incident and reflected phases in borehole seismograms},
  Author                   = {Fukushima, Yoshimitsu and Kinoshita, Shigeo and Sato, Haruo},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {1992},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {148--163},
  Volume                   = {82},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Groholski2014learning,
  Title                    = {Learning of pore pressure response and dynamic soil behavior from downhole array measurements},
  Author                   = {Groholski, David R and Hashash, Youssef MA and Matasovic, Neven},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {40--56},
  Volume                   = {61},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@InProceedings{Hardin1978,
  Title                    = {The nature of stress-strain behavior for soils},
  Author                   = {Hardin, Bobby O},
  Booktitle                = {From Volume I of Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics--Proceedings of the ASCE Geotechnical Engineering Division Specialty Conference, June 19-21, 1978, Pasadena, California. Sponsored by Geotechnical Engineering Division of ASCE in cooperation with:},
  Year                     = {1978},
  Number                   = {Proceeding}
}

@Article{Hardin2005,
  Title                    = {Estimating the shear modulus of gravelly soils},
  Author                   = {Hardin, Bobby O and Kalinski, Michael E},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {867--875},
  Volume                   = {131},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Hartzell2004,
  Title                    = {Prediction of nonlinear soil effects},
  Author                   = {Hartzell, Stephen and Bonilla, LF and Williams, Robert A},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1609--1629},
  Volume                   = {94},

  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America}
}

@Article{Hashash2016deepsoil,
  Title                    = {DEEPSOIL 6.1, User Manual},
  Author                   = {Hashash, Y.M.A. and Musgrove, M.I. and Harmon, J.A. and Groholski, D.R. and Phillips, C.A., and Park, D.},
  Journal                  = {Urbana, IL, Board of Trustees of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign},
  Year                     = {2016}
}

@Article{Hashash2002,
  Title                    = {Viscous damping formulation and high frequency motion propagation in non-linear site response analysis},
  Author                   = {Hashash, Youssef MA and Park, Duhee},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {611--624},
  Volume                   = {22},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Article{Hashash2001,
  Title                    = {Non-linear one-dimensional seismic ground motion propagation in the Mississippi embayment},
  Author                   = {Hashash, Youssef MA and Park, Duhee},
  Journal                  = {Engineering Geology},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {185--206},
  Volume                   = {62},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.11}
}

@Article{Haskell1953,
  Title                    = {The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media},
  Author                   = {Haskell, Norman A},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {1953},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {17--34},
  Volume                   = {43},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Hayashi1992modeling,
  Title                    = {Modeling of nonlinear stress sixain relations of sands for dynamic response analysis},
  Author                   = {Hayashi, Hiroshi and Honda, Mitsuhiko and Yamada, Takemine and Tatsuoka, Fumio},
  Year                     = {1992}
}

@Article{Hudson1994,
  Title                    = {User's Manual for QUAD4M},
  Author                   = {Hudson, MARTIN and Idriss, IM and Beikae, Mohsen},
  Journal                  = {Center for Geotechnical Modeling, Department of Civil \& Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, May},
  Year                     = {1994},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.07}
}

@Article{Idriss1970,
  Title                    = {Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analysis},
  Author                   = {Idriss, IM and Seed, HB},
  Journal                  = {Report EERC},
  Year                     = {1970},
  Number                   = {10},
  Volume                   = {70},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Article{Idriss1992,
  Title                    = {SHAKE91: A computer program for conducting equivalent linear seismic response analyses of horizontally layered soil deposits},
  Author                   = {Idriss, IM and Sun, Joseph I},
  Journal                  = {Center for Geotechnical Modeling, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA},
  Year                     = {1992}
}

@Article{ISHIBASHI1993,
  Title                    = {UNIFIED DYNAMIC SHEAR MODULI AND DAMPING RATIOS OF SAND AND CLAY},
  Author                   = {ISAO ISHIBASHI and XINJIAN ZHANG},
  Journal                  = {SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {182-191},
  Volume                   = {33},

  Doi                      = {10.3208/sandf1972.33.182}
}

@Article{Ishibashi1993,
  Title                    = {Unified dynamic shear moduli and damping patios of sand and clay.},
  Author                   = {Ishibashi, Isao and Zhang, Xinjian},
  Journal                  = { },
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {182--191},
  Volume                   = {33},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {The Japanese Geotechnical Society},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Book{Ishihara1996soil,
  Title                    = {Soil behaviour in earthquake geotechnics},
  Author                   = {Ishihara, Kenji},
  Publisher                = {Clarendon Press},
  Year                     = {1996}
}

@Article{Ishihara1986evaluation,
  Title                    = {Evaluation of soil properties for use in earthquake response analysis},
  Author                   = {Ishihara, Kenji},
  Year                     = {1986}
}

@Article{Iswanto2016,
  Title                    = {Comparison of Equivalent Linear and Non Linear Methods on Ground Response Analysis: Case Study at West Bangka Site},
  Author                   = {Iswanto, Eko Rudi and Yee, Eric},
  Journal                  = {Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {23--29},
  Volume                   = {18}
}

@InProceedings{Joyner1998equivalent,
  Title                    = {Equivalent-linear ground-response calculations with frequency-dependent damping},
  Author                   = {Joyner, William B and Boore, DM},
  Booktitle                = {Proc. of 2nd International Symposium on Seismic Hazards and Ground Motion in the Region of Moderate Seismicity},
  Year                     = {1998}
}

@Article{Joyner1975,
  Title                    = {Calculation of nonlinear ground response in earthquakes},
  Author                   = {Joyner, William B and Chen, Albert TF},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {1975},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1315--1336},
  Volume                   = {65},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.11}
}

@Article{Kaklamanos2015,
  Title                    = {Comparison of 1D linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site response models at six KiK-net validation sites },
  Author                   = {James Kaklamanos and Laurie G. Baise and Eric M. Thompson and Luis Dorfmann},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering },
  Year                     = {2015},
  Pages                    = {207 - 219},
  Volume                   = {69},

  Abstract                 = {Abstract Vertical seismometer arrays represent a unique interaction between observed and predicted ground motions, and they are especially helpful for validating and comparing site response models. In this study, we perform comprehensive linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site response analyses of 191 ground motions recorded at six validation sites in the KibanÐKyoshin network (KiK-net) of vertical seismometer arrays in Japan. These sites, which span a range of geologic conditions, are selected because they meet the basic assumptions of one-dimensional (1D) wave propagation, and are therefore ideal for validating and calibrating 1D nonlinear soil models. We employ the equivalent-linear site response program SHAKE, the nonlinear site response program DEEPSOIL, and a nonlinear site response overlay model within the general finite element program Abaqus/Explicit. Using the results from this broad range of ground motions, we quantify the uncertainties of the alternative site response models, measure the strain levels at which the models break down, and provide general recommendations for performing site response analyses. Specifically, we find that at peak shear strains from 0.01% to 0.1%, linear site response models fail to accurately predict short-period ground motions; equivalent-linear and nonlinear models offer a significant improvement at strains beyond this level, with nonlinear models exhibiting a slight improvement over equivalent-linear models at strains greater than approximately 0.05%. },
  Doi                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.10.016},
  ISSN                     = {0267-7261},
  Keywords                 = {Earthquake ground motion},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267726114002188}
}

@Article{Kaklamanos2013critical,
  Title                    = {Critical Parameters Affecting Bias and Variability in Site-Response Analyses Using KiK-net Downhole Array Data},
  Author                   = {Kaklamanos, James and Bradley, Brendon A and Thompson, Eric M and Baise, Laurie G},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {1733--1749},
  Volume                   = {103},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@InProceedings{Kaklamanos2014modeling,
  Title                    = {Modeling dynamic site response using the overlay concept},
  Author                   = {Kaklamanos, James and Dorfmann, Luis and Baise, Laurie G},
  Booktitle                = {Geo-Congress 2014: Geo-characterization and Modeling for Sustainability},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {1167--1176}
}

@Article{Kallioglou2009,
  Title                    = {Shear modulus and damping ratio of organic soils},
  Author                   = {Kallioglou, P and Tika, Th and Koninis, G and Pitilakis, K and others},
  Journal                  = {Geotechnical and Geological Engineering},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {217--235},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{Kallioglou2008,
  Title                    = {Shear modulus and damping ratio of cohesive soils},
  Author                   = {Kallioglou, P and Tika, TH and Pitilakis, K},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {879--913},
  Volume                   = {12},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{Kausel2002,
  Title                    = {Seismic simulation of inelastic soils via frequency-dependent moduli and damping},
  Author                   = {Kausel, Eduardo and Assimaki, Dominic},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {34--47},
  Volume                   = {128},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Kim2013site,
  Title                    = {Site response analysis using downhole array recordings during the March 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the effect of long-duration ground motions},
  Author                   = {Kim, Byungmin and Hashash, Youssef MA},
  Journal                  = {Earthquake Spectra},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {s1},
  Pages                    = {S37--S54},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Publisher                = {Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}
}

@Article{Kim1981dynamic,
  Title                    = {Dynamic properties of some cohesive soils of Ontario},
  Author                   = {Kim, TC and Novak, M},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
  Year                     = {1981},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {371--389},
  Volume                   = {18},

  Publisher                = {NRC Research Press}
}

@Article{Kishida2016,
  Title                    = {Comparison and Correction of Modulus Reduction Models for Clays and Silts},
  Author                   = {Kishida, Tadahiro},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Pages                    = {04016110},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{koutsoftas1980,
  Title                    = {Dynamic properties of two marine clays},
  Author                   = {Koutsoftas, Demetrious C and Fisher, JA},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {1980},
  Number                   = {ASCE 15499},
  Volume                   = {106}
}

@Book{Kramer1996geotechnical,
  Title                    = {Geotechnical earthquake engineering},
  Author                   = {Kramer, Steven L},
  Publisher                = {Pearson Education India},
  Year                     = {1996},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Book{Kramer1996a,
  Title                    = {Geotechnical earthquake engineering},
  Author                   = {Kramer, Steven L},
  Publisher                = {Pearson Education India},
  Year                     = {1996}
}

@InProceedings{Kwak2008,
  Title                    = {Comparison of frequency dependent equivalent linear analysis methods},
  Author                   = {Kwak, Dong-Yeop and Jeong, Chang-Gyun and Park, Duhee and Park, Sisam},
  Booktitle                = {The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {8}
}

@Article{Kwok2006,
  Title                    = {Evaluation of the effectiveness of theoretical 1D amplification factors for earthquake ground-motion prediction},
  Author                   = {Kwok, Annie O and Stewart, Jonathan P},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {4A},
  Pages                    = {1422--1436},
  Volume                   = {96},

  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America}
}

@Article{Kwok2008,
  Title                    = {Nonlinear ground-response analysis of Turkey flat shallow stiff-soil site to strong ground motion},
  Author                   = {Kwok, Annie OL and Stewart, Jonathan P and Hashash, Youssef MA},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {331--343},
  Volume                   = {98},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Kwok2007,
  Title                    = {Use of exact solutions of wave propagation problems to guide implementation of nonlinear seismic ground response analysis procedures},
  Author                   = {Kwok, Annie OL and Stewart, Jonathan P and Hashash, Youssef MA and Matasovic, Neven and Pyke, Robert and Wang, Zhiliang and Yang, Zhaohui},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {1385--1398},
  Volume                   = {133},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.08}
}

@Article{Laird1993,
  Title                    = {Dynamic properties of remolded and undisturbed soil samples tested at high confining pressures},
  Author                   = {Laird, JP and Stokoe, KH},
  Journal                  = {Geotechnical Engineering Report GR93-6, Electrical Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California},
  Year                     = {1993}
}

@Article{Lanzo1997,
  Title                    = {Reduction of shear modulus at small strains in simple shear},
  Author                   = {Lanzo, G and Vucetic, M and Doroudian, M},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {1035--1042},
  Volume                   = {123},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@InProceedings{Lasley2014,
  Title                    = {Comparison of equivalent-linear site response analysis software},
  Author                   = {Lasley, SJ and Green, RA and Rodriguez-Marek, A},
  Booktitle                = {Proc., 10th US National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2014}
}

@Article{Li1992,
  Title                    = {SUMDES: A nonlinear procedure for response analysis of horizontally-layered sites subjected to multi-directional earthquake loading},
  Author                   = {Li, XS and Wang, ZL and Shen, CK},
  Journal                  = {Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Davis},
  Year                     = {1992},
  Pages                    = {86}
}

@Article{Li1998,
  Title                    = {Effects of vibration history on modulus and damping of dry sand},
  Author                   = {Li, XS and Yang, WL},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {1071--1081},
  Volume                   = {124},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Matasovic2010,
  Title                    = {D-MOD2000: A computer program for seismic response analysis of horizontally layered soil deposits, earthfill dams, and solid waste landfills},
  Author                   = {Matasovi{\'c}, N and Ord{\'o}{\~n}ez, GA},
  Journal                  = {User's Manual, GeoMotions, LLC, Lacey, Washington},
  Year                     = {2010}
}

@Article{Matasovic1995generalized,
  Title                    = {Generalized cyclic-degradation-pore-pressure generation model for clays},
  Author                   = {Matasovi{\'c}, Neven and Vucetic, Mladen},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical engineering},
  Year                     = {1995},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {33--42},
  Volume                   = {121},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Book{Matasovic1993analysis,
  Title                    = {Analysis of seismic records obtained on November 24, 1987 at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array},
  Author                   = {Matasovic, Jasmina and Vucetic, Mladen},
  Publisher                = {Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles},
  Year                     = {1993}
}

@Book{Matasovic2012practices,
  Title                    = {Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions},
  Author                   = {Matasovic, Neven and Hashash, Youssef},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {Project 20-05 (Topic 42-03)}
}

@InProceedings{Newmark1959,
  Title                    = {A method of computation for structural dynamics},
  Author                   = {Newmark, Nathan Mortimore},
  Booktitle                = {Proc. ASCE},
  Year                     = {1959},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {67--94},
  Volume                   = {85},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.04}
}

@Article{ni1997,
  Title                    = {Characteristics of nonlinear response of deep saturated soil deposits},
  Author                   = {Ni, Shean-Der and Siddharthan, Raj V and Anderson, John G},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {342--355},
  Volume                   = {87},

  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America}
}

@Article{Okur2007,
  Title                    = {Stiffness degradation of natural fine grained soils during cyclic loading },
  Author                   = {D.V. Okur and A. Ansal},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering },
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {843 - 854},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Doi                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.01.005},
  ISSN                     = {0267-7261},
  Keywords                 = {Fine grained soils},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026772610700022X}
}

@Misc{Ordonez2000,
  Title                    = {SHAKE2000: A computer program for the 1D analysis of geotechnical earthquake engineering problems},

  Author                   = {Ord{\'o}{\~n}ez, Gustavo A},
  Year                     = {2000}
}

@Article{Park2008,
  Title                    = {Rate-dependent soil behavior in seismic site response analysis},
  Author                   = {Park, Duhee and Hashash, Youssef MA},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {454--469},
  Volume                   = {45},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {NRC Research Press},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Park2008rate,
  Title                    = {Rate-dependent soil behavior in seismic site response analysis},
  Author                   = {Park, Duhee and Hashash, Youssef MA},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {454--469},
  Volume                   = {45},

  Publisher                = {NRC Research Press}
}

@Article{Park2004,
  Title                    = {Soil damping formulation in nonlinear time domain site response analysis},
  Author                   = {Park, Duhee and Hashash, Youssef MA},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Number                   = {02},
  Pages                    = {249--274},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {World Scientific},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.07}
}

@Article{Phanikanth2011,
  Title                    = {Equivalent-Linear Seismic Ground Response Analysis of Some Typical Sites in Mumbai},
  Author                   = {Phanikanth, V. S.
and Choudhury, Deepankar
and Rami Reddy, G.},
  Journal                  = {Geotechnical and Geological Engineering},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1109},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Abstract                 = {Any earthquake event is associated with a rupture mechanism at the source, propagation of seismic waves through underlying rock and finally these waves travel through the soil layers to the particular site of interest. The bedrock motion is significantly modified at the ground surface due to the presence of local soil layers above the bedrock beneath the site of interest. The estimation of the amplifications in ground response due to the local soil sites is a complex problem to the designers and the problem is more important for mega cities like Mumbai in India, where huge population may get affected due to devastations of earthquake. In the present study, the effect of local soil sites in modifying ground response is studied by performing one dimensional equivalent-linear ground response analysis for some of the typical Mumbai soil sites. Field borelog data of some typical sites in Mumbai city viz. Mangalwadi site, Walkeswar site, BJ Marg near Pandhari Chawl site are considered in this study. The ground responses are observed for range of input motions and the results are presented in terms of surface acceleration time history, ratio of shear stress to vertical effective stress versus time, acceleration response spectrum, Fourier amplitude ratio versus frequency etc. The typical amplifications of ground accelerations considering four strong ground motions with wide variation of low to high MHA, frequency contents and durations are obtained. Results show that MHA, bracketed duration, frequency content have significant effects on the amplification of seismic accelerations for typical 2001 Bhuj motion. The peak ground acceleration amplification factors are found to be about 2.50 for Mangalwadi site, 2.60 for Walkeswar site and 3.45 for BJ Marg site using 2001 Bhuj input motion. The response spectrum along various soil layers are obtained which will be useful for designers for earthquake resistant design of geotechnical structures in Mumbai for similar sites in the absence of site specific data.},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/s10706-011-9443-8},
  ISSN                     = {1573-1529},
  Url                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9443-8}
}

@Book{Pinheiro2006,
  Title                    = {Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS},
  Author                   = {Pinheiro, Jose and Bates, Douglas},
  Publisher                = {Springer Science \& Business Media},
  Year                     = {2006},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Article{pinheiro2007linear,
  Title                    = {Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models},
  Author                   = {Pinheiro, Jose and Bates, Douglas and DebRoy, Saikat and Sarkar, Deepayan and others},
  Journal                  = {R package version},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Pages                    = {57},
  Volume                   = {3}
}

@Article{Pyke1993,
  Title                    = {TESS: A computer program for nonlinear ground response analysis: User's Manual},
  Author                   = {Pyke, R and Beikae, M},
  Journal                  = {Taga Engineering Software Services, Berkeley, California},
  Year                     = {1993}
}

@Article{Rathje2001,
  Title                    = {One-and two-dimensional seismic analysis of solid-waste landfills},
  Author                   = {Rathje, Ellen M and Bray, Jonathan D},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {850--862},
  Volume                   = {38},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {NRC Research Press},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.07}
}

@Article{rezaei2015,
  Title                    = {Site effect assessment using microtremor measurement, equivalent linear method, and artificial neural network (case study: Babol, Iran)},
  Author                   = {Rezaei, Sadegh and Choobbasti, Asskar Janalizadeh and Kutanaei, Saman Soleimani},
  Journal                  = {Arabian Journal of Geosciences},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {1453--1466},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{Romero2001,
  Title                    = {Regional variations in near surface shear wave velocity in the greater Memphis area},
  Author                   = {Romero, Salome and Rix, Glenn J},
  Journal                  = {Engineering Geology},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {137--158},
  Volume                   = {62},

  __markedentry            = {[naeem:]},
  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.11}
}

@Article{Satoh2001,
  Title                    = {Inversion of Strain-Dependent Nonlinear Characteristics of Soils Using Weak and Strong Motions Observed by Borehole Sites in {Japan}},
  Author                   = {Satoh, T. and Fushimi, M. and Tatsumi, Y.},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {2001},

  Month                    = {Apr},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {365-380},
  Volume                   = {91},

  __markedentry            = {[naeem:6]},
  Doi                      = {10.1785/0120000049},
  ISSN                     = {0037-1106},
  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America (SSA)},
  Timestamp                = {2017.01.12},
  Url                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000049}
}

@Manual{Schnabel1972a,
  Title                    = {SHAKE--A computer program for response analysis of horizontally layered sites, Report No. EERC 72-12},
  Author                   = {Schnabel, PB and Lysmer, J and Seed, HB},
  Year                     = {1972},

  Journal                  = {Univ. of California at Berkeley},
  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Article{Schnabel1972,
  Title                    = {SHAKE a computer program for earthquake response analysisi of horizontally layered sites},
  Author                   = {Schnabel, Per B},
  Journal                  = {EERC report},
  Year                     = {1972},
  Pages                    = {72--12}
}

@Article{Seed1970soil,
  Title                    = {Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses},
  Author                   = {Seed, H Bolton and Idriss, Izzat M},
  Year                     = {1970}
}

@Article{Seed1986moduli,
  Title                    = {Moduli and damping factors for dynamic analyses of cohesionless soils},
  Author                   = {Seed, H Bolton and Wong, Robert T and Idriss, IM and Tokimatsu, Kohji},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical Engineering},
  Year                     = {1986},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {1016--1032},
  Volume                   = {112},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Senetakis2013,
  Title                    = {Normalized shear modulus reduction and damping ratio curves of quartz sand and rhyolitic crushed rock},
  Author                   = {Senetakis, Kostas and Anastasiadis, Anastasios and Pitilakis, Kyriazis},
  Journal                  = {Soils and Foundations},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {879--893},
  Volume                   = {53},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Steidl1996,
  Title                    = {What is a reference site?},
  Author                   = {Steidl, Jamison H and Tumarkin, Alexei G and Archuleta, Ralph J},
  Journal                  = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1733--1748},
  Volume                   = {86},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Seismological Society of America},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Stewart2008,
  Title                    = {Nonlinear seismic ground response analysis: Code usage protocols and verification against vertical array data},
  Author                   = {Stewart, Jonathan P and Kwok, Annie OL},
  Journal                  = {Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Dynamics IV, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 181},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Volume                   = {181},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {ASCE},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@InProceedings{Streeter1974soil,
  Title                    = {Soil motion computations by characteristics method: 12F, 16R. J. GEOTECH. ENGNG. DIV. V100, N. GT3, MAR. 1974, P247--263},
  Author                   = {Streeter, Victor L and Wylie, E Benjamin and Richart, Frank E},
  Booktitle                = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences \& Geomechanics Abstracts},
  Year                     = {1974},
  Number                   = {8},
  Organization             = {Pergamon},
  Pages                    = {A164},
  Volume                   = {11}
}

@Article{Sugito1994frequency,
  Title                    = {Frequency dependent equi-linearized technique for seismic response analysis of multi-layered ground},
  Author                   = {Sugito, Masata and Goda, Hisayoshi and Masuda, Tamio},
  Journal                  = {Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu},
  Year                     = {1994},
  Number                   = {493},
  Pages                    = {49--58},
  Volume                   = {1994},

  Publisher                = {Japan Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Teachavorasinskun2002,
  Title                    = {Shear modulus and damping of soft Bangkok clays},
  Author                   = {Teachavorasinskun, Supot and Thongchim, Pipat and Lukkunaprasit, Panitan},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1201--1208},
  Volume                   = {39},

  Publisher                = {NRC Research Press}
}

@Article{Thompson2012,
  Title                    = {A taxonomy of site response complexity},
  Author                   = {Thompson, Eric M and Baise, Laurie G and Tanaka, Yasuo and Kayen, Robert E},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Pages                    = {32--43},
  Volume                   = {41},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Thomson1950,
  Title                    = {Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium},
  Author                   = {Thomson, William T},
  Journal                  = {Journal of applied Physics},
  Year                     = {1950},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {89--93},
  Volume                   = {21},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {AIP Publishing},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Tsai2009learning,
  Title                    = {Learning of dynamic soil behavior from downhole arrays},
  Author                   = {Tsai, Chi-Chin and Hashash, Youssef M},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {745--757},
  Volume                   = {135},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Tsai2014,
  Title                    = {Selection of the optimal frequencies of viscous damping formulation in nonlinear time-domain site response analysis},
  Author                   = {Tsai, Chi-Chin and Park, Duhee and Chen, Chun-Way},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {353--358},
  Volume                   = {67},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.06}
}

@Article{Vucetic1991effect,
  Title                    = {Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response},
  Author                   = {Vucetic, Mladen and Dobry, Ricardo},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical engineering},
  Year                     = {1991},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {89--107},
  Volume                   = {117},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}


@Article{Vucetic1988,
  Title                    = {Degradation of marine clays under cyclic loading},
  Author                   = {Vucetic, Mladen and Dobry, Rlcardo},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical Engineering},
  Year                     = {1988},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {133--149},
  Volume                   = {114},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Vucetic1998,
  Title                    = {Damping at small strains in cyclic simple shear test},
  Author                   = {Vucetic, Mladen and Lanzo, Giuseppe and Doroudian, Macan},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {585--594},
  Volume                   = {124},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.08}
}

@Article{Vucetic1998a,
  Title                    = {Damping at small strains in cyclic simple shear test},
  Author                   = {Vucetic, Mladen and Lanzo, Giuseppe and Doroudian, Macan},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {585--594},
  Volume                   = {124},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Yee2013elastic,
  Title                    = {Elastic and large-strain nonlinear seismic site response from analysis of vertical array recordings},
  Author                   = {Yee, Eric and Stewart, Jonathan P and Tokimatsu, Kohji},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {10},
  Pages                    = {1789--1801},
  Volume                   = {139},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Yniesta2016,
  Title                    = {Stress-Ratio-Based Interpretation of Modulus Reduction and Damping Curves},
  Author                   = {Yniesta, Samuel and Brandenberg, Scott J},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Pages                    = {06016021},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Yoshida2002,
  Title                    = {Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness and damping},
  Author                   = {Yoshida, Nozomu and Kobayashi, Satoshi and Suetomi, Iwao and Miura, Kinya},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {205--222},
  Volume                   = {22},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.02}
}

@Article{Yoshida2002a,
  Title                    = {Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness and damping },
  Author                   = {Nozomu Yoshida and Satoshi Kobayashi and Iwao Suetomi and Kinya Miura},
  Journal                  = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering },
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {205 - 222},
  Volume                   = {22},

  Abstract                 = {Equivalent linear dynamic response analysis of ground is based on complex moduli and Fourier series expansion; therefore, it is not an equivalent method but an approximate method. Two deficiencies in the conventional equivalent linear method represented by \{SHAKE\} are described first. The maximum shear strength is overestimated, resulting in overestimation of the peak acceleration under a strong ground motion, and the amplification is underestimated at high frequency. The latter sometimes results in underestimation of the peak acceleration under weak ground shaking, and gives an incident wave with unrealistic large accelerations or a divergence of analysis in deconvolution analysis under strong ground motion. Both deficiencies are shown to come from the same cause, i.e. computing the effective strain as a constant fraction of the maximum strain. Since this is a key concept of the equivalent linear analysis, one cannot overcome both deficiencies at the same time in the conventional method. An apparent frequency dependence in stiffness and damping is shown to appear in the dynamic response, although soil itself does not show frequency dependent characteristics. Following this observation, the effective strain is expressed in terms of frequency from the similarity concept of the strainÐfrequency relationship between time domain and frequency domain. This enables the reduction of both deficiencies at the same time, resulting in a marked improvement in the equivalent linear analysis. The accuracy of the proposed method is examined by the simulations of three vertical array records during large earthquakes. The proposed method always gives much better prediction than conventional equivalent linear methods for both convolution and deconvolution analyses, and it is confirmed to be applicable at more than 1% shear strain. },
  Doi                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00011-8},
  ISSN                     = {0267-7261},
  Keywords                 = {Equivalent linear method},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267726102000118}
}

@Article{Zekkos2008,
  Title                    = {Shear modulus and material damping of municipal solid waste based on large-scale cyclic triaxial testing},
  Author                   = {Zekkos, Dimitrios and Bray, Jonathan D and Riemer, Michael F},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {45--58},
  Volume                   = {45},

  Publisher                = {NRC Research Press}
}

@Article{Zhang2008,
  Title                    = {Model uncertainty in normalized shear modulus and damping relationships},
  Author                   = {Zhang, Jianfeng and Andrus, Ronald D and Juang, C Hsein},
  Journal                  = {Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {24--36},
  Volume                   = {134},

  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Zhang2005normalized,
  Title                    = {Normalized shear modulus and material damping ratio relationships},
  Author                   = {Zhang, Jianfeng and Andrus, Ronald D and Juang, C Hsein},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {453--464},
  Volume                   = {131},

  Owner                    = {naeem},
  Publisher                = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.03}
}

@Article{Phillips2009damping,
  title={Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses},
  author={Phillips, Camilo and Hashash, Youssef MA},
  journal={Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  volume={29},
  number={7},
  pages={1143--1158},
  year={2009},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}


@Article{Wichtmann2012effect,
  title={Effect of uniformity coefficient on G/G max and damping ratio of uniform to well-graded quartz sands},
  author={Wichtmann, T and Triantafyllidis, Th},
  journal={Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering},
  volume={139},
  number={1},
  pages={59--72},
  year={2012},
  publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}
}

@Article{Lacave20082d,
  title={2D equivalent linear site effect simulation: example applications to two deep valleys},
  author={Lacave, Corinne and Bard, Pierre-Yves and Kham, Marc and Koller, Martin G},
  journal={Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
  volume={6},
  number={2},
  pages={197--211},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Springer}
}


@Article{Amirfaryar2016universal,
  title={Universal model forms for predicting the shear modulus and material damping of soils},
  author={Amir-Faryar, Behzad and Aggour, M Sherif and McCuen, Richard H},
  journal={Geomechanics and Geoengineering},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2016},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}


@Article{Chandwani2015modeling,
  title={Modeling slump of ready mix concrete using genetic algorithms assisted training of Artificial Neural Networks},
  author={Chandwani, Vinay and Agrawal, Vinay and Nagar, Ravindra},
  journal={Expert Systems with Applications},
  volume={42},
  number={2},
  pages={885--893},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}



@Manual{h2o_R_package,
    title = {h2o: R Interface for H2O},
    author = {The H2O.ai team},
    year = {2015},
    note = {R package version 3.1.0.99999},
    url = {https://github.com/h2oai/h2o-3},
}

@article{Bielak2003domain,
  title={Domain reduction method for three-dimensional earthquake modeling in localized regions, Part I: Theory},
  author={Bielak, Jacobo and Loukakis, Kostas and Hisada, Yoshiaki and Yoshimura, Chiaki},
  journal={Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  volume={93},
  number={2},
  pages={817--824},
  year={2003},
  publisher={Seismological Society of America}
}

@article{Yoshimura2003domain,
  title={Domain reduction method for three-dimensional earthquake modeling in localized regions, part II: Verification and applications},
  author={Yoshimura, Chiaki and Bielak, Jacobo and Hisada, Yoshiaki and Fern{\'a}ndez, Antonio},
  journal={Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  volume={93},
  number={2},
  pages={825--841},
  year={2003},
  publisher={Seismological Society of America}
}

@article{Schnabel1972shake,
author={Schnabel, P. B.,and Lysmer, J. and Seed, H. B.},
title={SHAKE A Computer Program for Earthquake Response Analysis of Horizontally Layered Sites},
journal={EERC Report, Univ. of California, Berkeley},
ISSN={},
publisher={},
year={1972},
month={December},
volume={},
number={72-12},
pages={},
DOI={},
}

@book{Lysmer1975, 
place={United States},
title={FLUSH - a computer program for approximate 3-D analysis of soil-structure interaction problems},
author={Lysmer, J. and Udaka, T. and Tsai, C. and Seed, H.B.}, 
year={1975},
month={Nov}}

@TECHREPORT{Lysmer1974,
   author = {{Lysmer}, J. and {Udaka}, T. and {Seed}, H.~B. and {Hwang}, R.},
    title = {LUSH: A computer program for complex response analysis of soil-structure systems},
 keywords = {Computer Programming, Earthquakes, Finite Element Method, Soil Mechanics, Dynamic Response, Dynamic Structural Analysis, Earth Movements, Fortran, Seismic Waves},
booktitle = {Unknown},
     year = {1974},

}

@TECHREPORT{Lysmer1981,
author={Lysmer J, Tabatabie-Raisi M, Tajirian F, Ostadan F.},
year={1981},
title={SASSIÑa system for analysis of soilÐstructure interaction},
number={UCB/GT/81-02}
publisher={University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA},

}

@article{Xu2003,
title = "Three-dimensional nonlinear seismic ground motion modeling in basins",
journal = "Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors",
volume = "137",
number = "1",
pages = "81 - 95",
year = "2003",
note = "The quantitative prediction of strong-motion and the physics of earthquake sources",
issn = "0031-9201",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(03)00009-8",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031920103000098",
author = "Jifeng Xu and Jacobo Bielak and Omar Ghattas and Jianlin Wang",
keywords = "Ground motion, Basins, Simulations, Nonlinear soil behavior, DruckerÐPrager elastoplastic model, Finite element method"
}

@article{Dupros2010,
title = {High-performance finite-element simulations of seismic wave propagation in three-dimensional nonlinear inelastic geological media},
journal = {Parallel Computing},
volume = {36},
number = {5},
pages = {308 - 325},
year = {2010},
note = {Parallel Matrix Algorithms and Applications},
issn = {0167-8191},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parco.2009.12.011},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167819109001331},
author = {Fabrice Dupros and Florent De Martin and Evelyne Foerster and Dimitri Komatitsch and Jean Roman},
keywords = {Seismic numerical simulation, Finite-element method, Parallel sparse direct solver, Nonlinear soil behaviour}
}

@phdthesis{Taborda2010, 
author={Taborda,Ricardo},
year={2010},
title={Three Dimensional Nonlinear Soil and Site-City Effects in Urban Regions},
journal={},
pages={166},
keywords={Applied sciences; Earthquakes; Ground motions; Heterogeneous basins; Seismic hazards; Soil behavior; Geophysical; Civil engineering; Computer science; 0543:Civil engineering; 0467:Geophysical; 0984:Computer science},
isbn={9781124414638},
language={English},
}

@article{Idriss1968,
  title={Seismic Response of Horizontal Soil Layers},
  author={Idriss, I. M. and  Seed, H. B.},
  journal={Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division},
  volume={94},
  number={SM4},
  pages={1003-1031},
  year={1968},
  publisher={ASCE},
  month={July}
}


@InProceedings{Hudson1965,
  Title                    = {Equivalent Viscous Friction [or Hysteretic Systems with Earthq uake-Like Excitations},
  Author                   = {Hudson. D. E.},
  Booktitle                = {Proceedings, 3rd World Con[erence on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand},
  Year                     = {1965},
  Number                   = {10},
}

@book{jacobsen1930steady,
  title={Steady Forced Vibration as Influenced by Damping: An Approximate Solution of the Steady Forced Vibration of a System of One Degree of Freedom Under the Influence of Various Types of Damping},
  author={Jacobsen, L.S.},
  series={Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  url={https://books.google.com/books?id=o3LsNwAACAAJ},
  year={1930},
  publisher={ASME}
}


@book{Kryloff1943,
  title={Introduction to nonlinear mechanics},
  author={Krylof, N. and Bogoliuboff, N},
  year={1943},
  publisher={Princeton University Press}
}

@phdthesis{Ergin1954, 
author={Ergin, E. I.},
year={1954},
title={Transient Response of Non-linear Spring-Mass Systems},
journal={},
pages={},
keywords={},
language={English},
publisher={California Institute of Technology}
}

@Book{Ishihara_1996,
  title     = {Soil behaviour in earthquake geotechnics},
  publisher = {Oxford Science Publications},
  year      = {1996},
  author    = {Kenji Ishihara},
}

@Article{,
}

@InProceedings{Anderson_2004_Proc,
  author       = {Anderson, John G.},
  title        = {Quantitative Measure of the Goodness-of-fit of Synthetic Seismograms},
  booktitle    = {Proc.~13th World Conf.~on Earthquake Eng.},
  year         = {2004},
  address      = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
  month        = {August},
  organization = {Int.~Assoc.~Earthquake Eng.},
  note         = {Paper 243},
  owner        = {R},
}

@Article{,
}

@Comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:bibtex;}

@TECHREPORT{Seed1970,
author={Seed, H. B., and Idriss, I. M.},
title={Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses},
number={EERC 70-10}
publisher={University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA},
year={1970}
}